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Plant sciences, sustainable farming systems and food quality
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Plant–microbe–metal interactions for heavy metal bioremediation: a review

Md. Saiful Islam A , Tapos Kormoker https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7552-5627 B I , Abubakr M. Idris https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4038-4769 C D , Ram Proshad E F , Md. Humayun Kabir G and Fikret Ustaoğlu H
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh.

B Department of Emergency Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh.

C Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.

D Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.

E Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.

F University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

G Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh.

H Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Science Giresun University Gure Campus, 28200 Giresun, Turkey.

I Corresponding author. Email: tapos.pstu@gmail.com

Crop and Pasture Science - https://doi.org/10.1071/CP21322
Submitted: 10 May 2021  Accepted: 1 June 2021   Published online: 16 July 2021

Abstract

Considerable amounts of heavy metals have contaminated the soil from potential manmade point and non-point sources such as industry, urbanisation and agriculture. In both managed and natural ecosystems, beneficial plant–microbe interactions play a significant role improving the growth and health of plants, and could be applied for improving soil fertility as well as crop productivity. Additionally, plant–microbe interactions could be utilised in bioremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. The efficiency of phytoremediation can be improved with the aid of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), which can change metals to bioavailable and soluble forms. PGPB perform remediation through processes such as production of siderophores, organic acids and biosurfactants, biomethylation, redox processes, phosphorus solubilisation, nitrogen fixation and iron sequestration. These processes improve plant growth and increase plant biomass along with phytoremediation. A crucial solution to the problem of heavy metal contamination might be an appropriate understanding of hyperaccumulator plants and their interaction with microbes. Emerging strategies for either enhancing or reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in the rhizosphere, such as improving plant establishment, growth and health can significantly accelerate the heavy metal bioremediation process. In this review, we feature the function of PGPB to assist phytoremediation of heavy metals as an eco-friendly and economical approach.

Keywords: heavy metals, hyperaccumulator plants, bacteria, biosorption, phytoremediation.


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