
%0 Journal Article
%A Nadler, Arie 
%A Erner, Yair 
%T Monitoring salinity of the soil solution in a citrus orchard: the 4P technique revisited
%J Soil Research
%D 1998/04/29
%V 36
%N 3
%P 473-484
%K Shamouti, Citrus sinensis, oranges, salinity.
%R https://doi.org/10.1071/S97074
%U https://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/S97074 
%X During a 6-year salinity experiment in a citrus (Shamouti) grove, 3 salinity levels of irrigation water (0&#183; 8, 1&#183; 3, and 1 &#183;7 dS/m) were used. Measured salinity levels depended on the monitoring technique, aqueous extract (Ext) v. electrical resistance (4 electrode method, 4P), and consistently differed by up to 50%. The main advantages of the resistivity method over sampling are: specific consideration of the actual water content at time of measurement, minimal disturbance of the natural soil structure and chemical composition, and a reduced spatial variability due to the possibility of repeated measurements at one spot. Despite massive salt inputs (12&#215;103 -36&#215;103 mmol charge(+)/ha), the final salinity levels, even according to the higher estimating resistivity method, were moderate, and during the 6 years had no significant effect on yield. It could thus be categorised as being either below or above the yield-reducing threshold value, depending on the measuring technique. 
