Register      Login
Australian Journal of Botany Australian Journal of Botany Society
Southern hemisphere botanical ecosystems
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Morphology of the sporophyte and gametophyte of the swamp fern, Blechnum serrulatum (Blechnaceae, Pteridophyta)

C. H. Rolleri A , C. Prada B C , J. M. Gabriel y Galán B , L. M. Passarelli A and M. M. Ciciarelli A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A LEAVES (Laboratorio de Estudios de Anatomía Vegetal Evolutiva y Sistemática), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata, 64 Entre 120 y Diagonal 113, B1904 DZB, La Plata, Argentina.

B Departamento de Biología Vegetal I, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, España.

C Corresponding author. Email: cpm@bio.ucm.es

Australian Journal of Botany 58(6) 508-518 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT09238
Submitted: 24 December 2009  Accepted: 6 July 2010   Published: 8 September 2010

Abstract

In the present paper, we provide a revised, comprehensive description of the sporophyte and gametophyte of the swamp fern, Blechnum serrulatum Rich., from neo- and paleotropical localities. External and internal characters of the sporophyte were analysed, including axes, laminae, pinnae, indusia and spores. Intercellular pectic connections of the parenchyma of the rhizomes are reported for the first time. In stipes, cell walls of the aerenchyma tissue contain filamentous protuberances that are composed primarily of cellulose but contain also fatty substances. The morphology of the gametophyte, from spore germination to gametangia formation, is discussed. The taxonomic significance of the characters is considered, especially in regard to the relationship between B. serrulatum and the closely related B. indicum.


Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Proyecto de Investigación Fundamental no. CGL2009-13622, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España. The research of C. H. Rolleri was also supported by the Universidad Complutense (Madrid, Spain) through the Programa de Visitantes Distinguidos-Grupo Santander, 2009.


References


Atkinson LR (1973) The gametophyte and family relationships. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 67, 73–90. open url image1

Brownlie G (1965) Chromosome numbers in some Pacific Pteridophyta. Pacific Science 19, 493–497. open url image1

Carlquist S (1957) Leaf anatomy and ontogeny in Argyroxiphium and Wilkesia. American Journal of Botany 44, 696–705.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Carr SGM, Carr DJ (1975) Intercellular pectic strands in parenchyma: studies of plant cell walls by scanning electron microscopy. Australian Journal of Botany 23, 95–105.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Chambers TC, Farrant PA (1998) Blechnaceae: Blechnum, Pteridoblechnum and Stenochlaena. Flora of Australia 48, 359–384. open url image1

Chambers TC, Farrant PA (2001) Revision of Blechnum (Blechnaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 46, 283–350. open url image1

Ciciarelli MM (2007) Canna ascendens Ciciarelli (Cannaceae) una nueva especie de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y comentarios de otras especies argentinas de este género. Darwiniana 45, 188–200. open url image1

De Vriese WH , Harting P (1853) ‘Monographie des Marattiacées.’ (Anz Co.: Leiden et Dusseldorf)

Dyer AF (Ed.) (1979) The culture of fern gametophytes for experimental investigation. In ‘The experimental biology of ferns’. pp. 253–305. (Academic: London)

Edwards ME, Miller JH (1972) Growth regulation by ethylene in fern gametophytes. III. Inhibition of spore germination. American Journal of Botany 59, 458–465.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Foster AS (1934) The use of tannic acid and iron chloride for staining cell walls in meristematic tissue. Stain Technology 9, 91–92. open url image1

Gabriel y Galán JM, Passarelli LM, Prada C, Rolleri CH (2008) Sporophyte morphology and gametophyte development of the fern Blechnum sprucei Blechnaceae–Pteridophyta. Revista de Biologia Tropical 56, 2027–2040.
PubMed |
open url image1

Gurr L (1966) ‘The rational uses of dyes in biology.’ (Williams and Wilkins: Baltimore, MD)

Holmgren PK , Holmgren NH , Barnett L (1990) ‘Index herbariorum. Part I. Herbaria of the world.’ (New York Botanical Garden: New York)

Iselin M , Shipway L (1999) ‘Plants: bush tucker, medicinal and other uses of Minjerribah.’ (North Stradbroke Island Aboriginal and Islander Housing: North Stradbroke, Qld)

Jermy AC (1985) Cytotaxonomic studies on ferns of Trinidad. I. The climate, geology, and vegetation of Trinidad, with particular reference to the ecology of ferns. Bulletin of British Museum (Natural History). Botany 13, 133–147. open url image1

Johansen DA (1940) ‘Plant microtechnique.’ (McGraw-Hill: New York)

Laing HE (1941) Effect of concentration of oxygen and pressure of water upon growth of rhizomes of semi-submerged water plants. Botanical Gazette 102, 712–724.
Crossref |
open url image1

Lavalle M (2003) Taxonomía de las especies neotropicales de Marattia (Marattiaceae). Darwiniana 41, 61–68. open url image1

Lellinger DB (2002) A modern multilingual glossary for taxonomic Pteridology. Pteridologia 3, 1–246. open url image1

Lellinger DB , Taylor WC (1997) A classification of spore ornamentation in the Pteridophyta. In ‘Holttum memorial volume’. (Ed. RJ Johns) pp. 33–42. (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: London)

Leroux O, Knox JP, Leroux F, Vrijdaghs A, Bellefroid E, Borgonie G, Viane RLL (2007) Intercellular pectic protuberances in Asplenium: new data on their composition and origin. Annals of Botany 100, 1165–1173.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Mangin ML (1892) Etude historique et critique sur la présence des composés pectiques dans les tissues des végétaux. Le Journal de Botanique 6, 12–19. open url image1

Mangin ML (1893) Recherches sur les composés pectiques (suite). Le Journal de Botanique 7, 120–131. open url image1

Mengascini A (2002) Caracteres diagnósticos y taxonomía de 5 especies Archangiopteris Christ and Giesenh. (Marattiaceae Bercht. & J.S.Presl). Revista del Museo de La Plata. Botánica 15, 3–22. open url image1

Mickel JT, Smith AR (2004) The pteridophytes of Mexico. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 88, 1–1054. open url image1

Miller H, Barnett JR (1993) The structure and composition of bead-like projections on Sitka spruce callus cells formed during grafting and in culture. Annals of Botany 72, 441–448.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Moran RC (1995) Blechnaceae. In ‘Flora Mesoamericana 1’. (Eds G Davidse, M Sousa, S Knapp) pp. 325–333. (Universidad Autónoma de México, Missouri Botanical Garden, The Natural History Museum: London)

Nauman CE (1993) Blechnum. In ‘Flora of North America North of Mexico. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms, Vol. 2’. (Ed. Flora of North America Editorial Committee) pp. 223–227. (Oxford University Press: New York)

Nayar BK, Kaur S (1968) Spore germination in homosporous ferns. Journal of Palynology 4, 1–14. open url image1

Nayar BK, Kaur S (1969) Types of prothallial development in homosporous ferns. Phytomorphology 19, 171–188. open url image1

Nayar BK, Kaur S (1971) Gametophytes of homosporous ferns. Botanical Review 37, 295–396.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Oliveira Dittrich VA (2005) Estudos taxonômicos no gênero Blechnum L. (Pteridophyta–Blechnaceae) para as regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. PhD Thesis, Universidad Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil.

Passarelli LM (2007) Estudios esporales en especies del grupo Blechnum penna-marina (Blechnaceae, Pteridophyta). Acta Botanica Malacitana 32, 1–19. open url image1

Pérez-García B, Mendoza A, Ricci M (1996) Morfogénesis de la fase sexual de Blechnum chilense y Blechnum cycadifolium (Pterophyta: Blechnaceae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 44, 491–497. open url image1

Potgieter MJ, van Wyk AE (1992) Intercellular pectic protuberances in plants: their structure and taxonomic significance. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 33, 295–316. open url image1

Prabhakar M (2003) Structure, delimitation, nomenclature and classification of stomata. Acta Botanica Sinica 46, 242–252. open url image1

Prada C, Rolleri CH (2005) A new species of Isoetes (Isoetaceae) from Turkey, with a study of microphyll intercellular pectic protuberances and their potential taxonomic value. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 147, 213–228.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Prada C, Rolleri CH, Passarelli LM (2008) Morfología, caracterización y distribución geográfica de Blechnum cordatum (Blechnaceae–Pteridophyta). Acta Botanica Malacitana 33, 29–46. open url image1

Raghavan V (1989) ‘Developmental biology of fern gametophytes.’ (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK)

Rodríguez Ríos R (1973) Morfología de los protalos y algunos esporófitos jóvenes de algunas especies chilenas de Blechnum (Polypodiaceae s.l.). Gayana Zoologica 22, 1–30. open url image1

Rolleri CH (1993) Revision of the genus Christensenia. American Fern Journal 83, 3–19.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Rolleri CH (2002) Caracteres diagnósticos y taxonomía en el género Angiopteris Hoffm. (Marattiaceae Bercht. & J.S.Presl): I. Los caracteres. Revista del Museo de La Plata. Botánica 15, 23–49. open url image1

Rolleri CH, Prada C (2006a) Catálogo comentado de las especies de Blechnum (Blechnaceae–Pteridophyta) de Mesoamérica y Sudamérica. Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 63, 67–106.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Rolleri CH, Prada C (2006b) Revisión de los grupos de especies del género Blechnum (Blechnaceae–Pteridophyta): el grupo B. penna-marina. Acta Botanica Malacitana 31, 7–50. open url image1

Rolleri CH, Prada C, Passarelli LM (2008) Estudios morfológicos y taxonómicos en Blechnum (Blechnaceae–Pteridophyta): Blechnum tabulare y B. magellanicum. Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 65, 169–175. open url image1

Ruzin SE (1999) ‘Plant microtechnique and microscopy.’ (Oxford University Press: London)

Schenck H (1886) Über die Auskleidung der Intercellulargänge. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 3, 217–225. open url image1

Schneller JJ, Haufler CH, Ranker TA (1990) Antheridiogen and natural gametophyte populations. American Fern Journal 80, 143–152.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Sculthorpe CD (1971) ‘The biology of aquatic vascular plants.’ (Edward Arnold: London)

Smith AR (1995) Blechnaceae. In ‘Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana 2’. (Eds JA Steyermark, PE Berry, BK Holst) pp. 23–29. (Missouri Botanical Garden Press: St. Louis, MO)

Stokey AG, Atkinson LR (1952) The gametophyte of Blechnum spicant (L.) Wither. and B. buchtienii Rosenst. Phytomorphology 2, 9–15. open url image1

Tiné MAS, Cortelazzo A, Buckeridge MS (2000) Occurrence of xyloglucan containing protuberances in the storage cell walls of cotyledons of Hymenaea courbaril L. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 23, 415–419. open url image1

Tryon RM , Lugardon H (1991) ‘Spores of the Pteridophyta.’ (Springer: New York)

Tryon RM, Stolze RG (1993) Pteridophyta of Peru. Part V. 18. Aspleniaceae – 21. Polypodiaceae. Fieldiana Botany. New Series 32, 1–190. open url image1

Tryon RM , Tryon A (1982) ‘Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America.’ (Springer: New York)

Veys P, Lejeune A, Van Hove C (2000) The pore of the leaf cavity of Azolla: interspecific morphological differences and continuity between the cavity envelopes. Symbiosis 29, 33–47. open url image1

Veys P, Lejeune A, Van Hove C (2002) The pore of the leaf cavity of Azolla species: teat cell differentiation and cell wall projections. Protoplasma 219, 31–42.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Veys P, Waterkeyn L, Lejeune A, Van Hove C (1999) The pore of the leaf cavity of Azolla: morphology, cytochemistry and possible functions. Symbiosis 27, 33–57. open url image1

Vidal L (1896) Sur la présence de substances pectiques dans la membrane des cellules endodermiques de la racine des Equisetum. Le Journal de Botanique 10, 236–239. open url image1

Voeller BR (1964) Antheridiogens in ferns. In ‘Régulateurs naturels de la croissance végétale’. (Ed. Colloque International CNRS 12) pp. 665–684. (CNRS: Paris)

Walker TG (1985) Cytotaxonomic studies of the ferns of Trinidad. The cytologic and taxonomic implications. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History. Botany 13, 149–249. open url image1









Appendix 1. Specimens studied (specimens with (*) were not investigated anatomically; specimens with (**) were used to investigate gametophyte development)

Blechnum serrrulatum

ARGENTINA. Corrientes: Departamento Santo Tomé, Ruta 41, Galarza, Reserva Natural provincial Iberá, 0–100 m, Arbo and al. 6551 y 6625 (LP). Departamento Mercedes, laguna Iberá, Paso Picada, Reserva Natural Provincial Iberá, Tressens and al. 3669 (BA). San Cayetano, Cuenca Río Riachuelo, s.coll., s.n. (SI 43950). San Miguel, Estancia San Juan Poriajhú, ruta 17, 18 km ruta 12, Potrero El Rodeíto, Tressens et al. 4192 (CTES). Reserva Provincial del Iberá, Costa W de la Laguna Iberá, Tressens et al. 4321 (CTES). Reserva Provincial del Iberá, Laguna de Iberá, Prada s.n. (MA) (**).

AUSTRALIA. [New South Wales]: ‘Bahía Botanica’ (Botany Bay), Née s.n. (MA 213368).

BELISE: Belise, Belise International Airport, Dwyer 9106 (LP).

BRASIL. Distrito Federal: restinga de Marapendí, de la Sota 2286 (LIL, LP). Reserva Ecológica do IGBE, Area do Corrego Taquara, 1015 m, Fonseca and Alvarenga 2154 (LP). Paraná: Villanova, Annies s.n. [Rosenstock filices Austrobrasil. Exsicc. 46] (BA5760). Paranaguá: Matinhos, Hatschbach 2438 (SI). Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara, restinga de Jacarepequá, próximo antigo Campo de Aviação, Pabst 8104 y 8105 (LP). ‘In arenosis humidis predominans’, Guanabara: Tijuca, restinga de Itapeba, próximo a Estação Climatológica, Castellanos 23582 (LP). Guanabara: Tijuca, Reserva Biológica de Jacarepaguá, Strang 7548 (LP). Guanabara: Tijuca, Recreio dos Bandeirantes, ‘Casuarinas’, Strang 342 (LP). Guanabara: Tijuca, Strang 1164 (LP). Guanabara: Tijuca, Ilha do Govenador, Tubiacangá, Pabst and Sick 7386 (HB 27669, LP). Rondônia: basin of Rio Madeira, 216–219 km, Madeira–Mamoré railroad, near Abunã, Prance and al. 5825 (LP). Sãô Paulo: Campo, Estação Biológica, Campo Grande, 800 m, Smith 1998 (BA).

GUATEMALA. Petén, León 91 (F 2223291) (*).

HONDURAS. Departamento Gracias a Dios: alrededores de Puerto Lempira, Clare 167 (LP).

PARAGUAY: Alto Paraná, centro Forestal Alto Paraná, Hahn 2064 (LP).

Blechnum indicum

AUSTRALIA. New South Wales: swamp 3 miles south of Nelson Bay, Filson 3594 (NDW) (*).