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Population dynamics, health expenditure growth and the workforce

Paul Scuffham , Andrew Wilson

Abstract

This perspective serves as a primer and overview of the underlying causes of the current stress on the healthcare system, indicating no expected relief in the medium term. Demographic trends—such as aging and growth of the population, declining birth rates, rising healthcare expenditure, and increasing workforce shortages – are presented as the context for the urgent need for greater efficiency and transformative change within the health system. Potential solutions are discussed in response to the impending crisis.

AH25172  Accepted 14 August 2025

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