Improvement in photosynthesis, seed yield and protein content of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) by foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide under drought stress
Mahsa Mohammadi
A B , Majid Pouryousef A , Afshin Tavakoli A and Ehsan Mohseni Fard A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
B Corresponding author. Email: mohammadi.mahsa@znu.ac.ir
Crop and Pasture Science 70(6) 535-545 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP18424
Submitted: 26 September 2018 Accepted: 25 December 2018 Published: 7 June 2019
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs), as a class of plant growth regulators, have been shown to affect different physiological traits of plants and counteract various stresses. We studied the possibility of increasing seed and protein yields of two genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with the exogenous application of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) in an experiment conducted during 2016 and 2017. Two levels of irrigation (optimal and drought stress) were applied to the main plots, and two genotypes of common bean (cv. Kusha and genotype COS16) and four concentrations of EBL (0, 2, 4 and 6 μm) were allocated to subplots in a factorial arrangement. At the flowering stage, drought stress was applied and bean plants were sprayed with EBL. The results indicate that drought stress reduced leaf area, yield components, seed yield and protein content. Moreover, substantial increase in intercellular CO2 concentration and decrease in transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate were also recorded. However, exogenous application of EBL remarkably improved gas exchange attributes, leaf area, yield components, seed yield and protein content both under optimal irrigation and drought-stress conditions. Analysis of regression showed that, under both water-supply conditions, genotype COS16 would have highest seed yield when receiving 4.05 and 4.52 µm EBL, and cv. Kusha would have the highest seed yield by receiving 3.27 and 3.62 µm EBL. Therefore, EBL can be used as a plant growth regulator to enhance drought tolerance and minimise yield loss of common bean caused by water deficits.
Additional keywords: carotenoid, chlorophyll, leaf area index, photosynthesis rate, yield components.
References
Ahmed F, Suliman A (2010) Effect of water stress applied at different stages of growth on seed yield and water use efficiency of cowpea. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 1, 534–540.Ali B, Hayat S, Ahmad A (2007) 28-Homobrassinolide ameliorates the saline stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Environmental and Experimental Botany 59, 217–223.
| 28-Homobrassinolide ameliorates the saline stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Alonso R, Elvira S, Castillo F, Gimeno B (2001) Interactive effects of ozone and drought stress on pigments and activities of antioxidative enzymes in Pinus halepensis. Plant, Cell & Environment 24, 905–916.
| Interactive effects of ozone and drought stress on pigments and activities of antioxidative enzymes in Pinus halepensis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Anjum S, Wang L, Farooq M, Hussain M, Xue L, Zou C (2011) Brassinolide application improves the drought tolerance in maize through modulation of enzymatic antioxidants and leaf gas exchange. Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science 197, 177–185.
| Brassinolide application improves the drought tolerance in maize through modulation of enzymatic antioxidants and leaf gas exchange.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Armand N, Amiri H, Ismaili A (2016) Interaction of methanol spray and water‐deficit stress on photosynthesis and biochemical characteristics of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Sadry. Photochemistry and Photobiology 92, 102–110.
| Interaction of methanol spray and water‐deficit stress on photosynthesis and biochemical characteristics of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Sadry.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26503745PubMed |
Arnon D (1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology 24, 1–15.
| Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16654194PubMed |
Arteca R, Arteca J (2008) Effects of brassinosteroid, auxin, and cytokinin on ethylene production in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Journal of Experimental Botany 59, 3019–3026.
| Effects of brassinosteroid, auxin, and cytokinin on ethylene production in Arabidopsis thaliana plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18583350PubMed |
Asghari M, Zahedipour P (2016) 24-Epibrassinolide acts as a growth-promoting and resistance-mediating factor in strawberry plants. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 35, 722–729.
| 24-Epibrassinolide acts as a growth-promoting and resistance-mediating factor in strawberry plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bajguz A (2000) Effect of brassinosteroids on nucleic acids and protein content in cultured cells of Chlorella vulgaris. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 38, 209–215.
| Effect of brassinosteroids on nucleic acids and protein content in cultured cells of Chlorella vulgaris.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bajguz A, Hayat S (2009) Effects of brassinosteroids on the plant responses to environmental stresses. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 47, 1–8.
| Effects of brassinosteroids on the plant responses to environmental stresses.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 19010688PubMed |
Bastos E, Nascimento S, Silva E, Freire Filho F, Gomide R (2011) Identification of cowpea genotypes for drought tolerance. Ciência Agronômica 42, 100–107.
| Identification of cowpea genotypes for drought tolerance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bayoumi T, Eid M, Metwali E (2008) Application of physiological and biochemical indices as a screening technique for drought tolerance in wheat genotypes. African Journal of Biotechnology 7, 2341–2352.
Behnamnia M, Kalantari K, Ziaie J (2009) The effects of brassinosteroid on the induction of biochemical changes in Lycopersicon esculentum under drought stress. Turkish Journal of Botany 33, 417–428.
Bera A, Pramanik K, Mandal B (2014) Response of biofertilizers and homobrassinolide on growth, yield and oil content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). African Journal of Agricultural Research 9, 3494–3503.
Campbell W (1999) Nitrate reductase structure, function and regulation: bridging the gap between biochemistry and physiology. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 50, 277–303.
| Nitrate reductase structure, function and regulation: bridging the gap between biochemistry and physiology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15012211PubMed |
Clouse S, Sasse J (1998) Brassinosteroids: essential regulators of plant growth and development. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 49, 427–451.
| Brassinosteroids: essential regulators of plant growth and development.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15012241PubMed |
Contour-Ansel D, Torres-Franklin M, Zuily-Fodil Y, De Carvalho M (2010) An aspartic acid protease from common bean is expressed ‘on call’ during water stress and early recovery. Journal of Plant Physiology 167, 1606–1612.
| An aspartic acid protease from common bean is expressed ‘on call’ during water stress and early recovery.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20705361PubMed |
Dalio R, Pinheiro H, Sodek L, Haddad C (2011) The effect of 24-epibrassinolide and clotrimazole on the adaptation of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. to salinity. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 33, 1887–1896.
| The effect of 24-epibrassinolide and clotrimazole on the adaptation of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. to salinity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Emam Y, Shekoofa A, Salehi F, Jalali A (2010) Water stress effects on two common bean cultivars with contrasting growth habits. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences 9, 495–499.
Fariduddin Q, Khanam S, Hasan S, Ali B, Hayat S, Ahmad A (2009) Effect of 28-homobrassinolide on the drought stress induced changes in photosynthesis and antioxidant system of Brassica juncea L. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 31, 889–897.
| Effect of 28-homobrassinolide on the drought stress induced changes in photosynthesis and antioxidant system of Brassica juncea L.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Farooq M, Wahid A, Kobayashi N, Fujita D, Basra S (2009) Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 29, 185–212.
| Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gupta N, Gupta S, Kumar A (2001) Effect of water stress on physiological attributes and their relationship with growth and yield of wheat cultivars at different stages. Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science 186, 55–62.
| Effect of water stress on physiological attributes and their relationship with growth and yield of wheat cultivars at different stages.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hameed A, Bibi N, Akhter J, Iqbal N (2011) Differential changes in antioxidants, proteases, and lipid peroxidation in flag leaves of wheat genotypes under different levels of water deficit conditions. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 49, 178–185.
| Differential changes in antioxidants, proteases, and lipid peroxidation in flag leaves of wheat genotypes under different levels of water deficit conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21159517PubMed |
Hayat S, Hasan S, Yusuf M, Hayat Q, Ahmad A (2010) Effect of 28-homobrassinolide on photosynthesis, fluorescence and antioxidant system in the presence or absence of salinity and temperature in Vigna radiata. Environmental and Experimental Botany 69, 105–112.
| Effect of 28-homobrassinolide on photosynthesis, fluorescence and antioxidant system in the presence or absence of salinity and temperature in Vigna radiata.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hosseinzadeh S, Amiri H, Ismaili A (2016) Effect of vermicompost fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress. Photosynthetica 54, 87–92.
| Effect of vermicompost fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hu Y, Zhang Y, Yi X, Zhan D, Luo H, Soon C, Zhang W (2014) The relative contribution of non-foliar organs of cotton to yield and related physiological characteristics under water deficit. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 13, 975–989.
| The relative contribution of non-foliar organs of cotton to yield and related physiological characteristics under water deficit.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jongdee B, Fukai S, Cooper M (2002) Leaf water potential and osmotic adjustment as physiological traits to improve drought tolerance in rice. Field Crops Research 76, 153–163.
| Leaf water potential and osmotic adjustment as physiological traits to improve drought tolerance in rice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kalinich J, Mandava N, Todhunter J (1985) Relationship of nucleic acid metabolism to brassinolide-induced responses in beans. Journal of Plant Physiology 120, 207–214.
| Relationship of nucleic acid metabolism to brassinolide-induced responses in beans.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kamal M, Takahashi H, Mikoshiba H, Ota Y (1995) Analysis of soybean yield components as affected by plant growth regulators applied at flowering stages. Nettai Nogyo 39, 184–189.
Khripach V, Zhabinskii V, de Groot A (2000) Twenty years of brassinosteroids: steroidal plant hormones warrant better crops for the XXI century. Annals of Botany 86, 441–447.
| Twenty years of brassinosteroids: steroidal plant hormones warrant better crops for the XXI century.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Medrano H, Escalona J, Bota J, Gulias J, Flexas J (2002) Regulation of photosynthesis of C3 plants in response to progressive drought: stomatal conductance as a reference parameter. Annals of Botany 89, 895–905.
| Regulation of photosynthesis of C3 plants in response to progressive drought: stomatal conductance as a reference parameter.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12102515PubMed |
Miyashita K, Tanakamaru S, Maitani T, Kimura K (2005) Recovery responses of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance in kidney bean following drought stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany 53, 205–214.
| Recovery responses of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance in kidney bean following drought stress.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Muñoz-Perea C, Teran H, Allen R, Wright J, Westermann D, Singh S (2006) Selection for drought resistance in dry bean landraces and cultivars. Crop Science 46, 2111–2120.
| Selection for drought resistance in dry bean landraces and cultivars.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Padilla-Ramirez J, Acosta-Gallegos J, Acosta-Diaz E, Mayek-Perez N, Kelly J (2005) Partitioning and partitioning rate to seed yield in drought stressed and non-stressed dry bean genotypes. Annual Report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative. Bean Improvement Cooperative 48, 153–175.
Pfeiffer W, McClafferty B (2007) HarvestPlus: breeding crops for better nutrition. Crop Science 47, S88–S105.
| HarvestPlus: breeding crops for better nutrition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Prakash M, Suganthi S, Gokulakrishnan J, Sabesan T (2008) Effect of homobrassinolide on growth, physiology and biochemical aspects of sesame. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences 20, 110–112.
Reddy A, Chaitanya K, Vivekanandan M (2004) Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal of Plant Physiology 161, 1189–1202.
| Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Salehi M, Faramarzi A, Mohebalipour N (2010) Evaluation of different effective traits on seed yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with path analysis. American Eurasian Journal of Agriculture And Environvironmental Science 9, 52–54.
Saroop S, Thaker V, Chanda S, Singh Y (1998) Light and nitrate induction of nitrate reductase in kinetin-and gibberellic acid-treated mustard cotyledons. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 20, 359–362.
| Light and nitrate induction of nitrate reductase in kinetin-and gibberellic acid-treated mustard cotyledons.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sasse J (2003) Physiological actions of brassinosteroids: an update. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 22, 276–288.
| Physiological actions of brassinosteroids: an update.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 14676971PubMed |
Sengupta K, Mitra S, Ray M (2009) Effect of brassinolide on growth and yield of summer greengram crop. Indian Agriculturist 53, 155–157.
Serna M, Hernandez F, Coll F, Amoros A (2012) Brassinosteroid analogues effect on yield and quality parameters of field-grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Scientia Horticulturae 143, 29–37.
| Brassinosteroid analogues effect on yield and quality parameters of field-grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Shahbaz M, Ashraf M, Athar H (2008) Does exogenous application of 24-epibrassinolide ameliorate salt induced growth inhibition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)? Plant Growth Regulation 55, 51–64.
| Does exogenous application of 24-epibrassinolide ameliorate salt induced growth inhibition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Singh S (2007) Drought resistance in the race Durango dry bean landraces and cultivars. Agronomy Journal 99, 1219–1225.
| Drought resistance in the race Durango dry bean landraces and cultivars.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Singh I, Shono M (2005) Physiological and molecular effects of 24-epibrassinolide, a brassinosteroid on thermotolerance of tomato. Plant Growth Regulation 47, 111–119.
| Physiological and molecular effects of 24-epibrassinolide, a brassinosteroid on thermotolerance of tomato.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Szilagyi L (2003) Influence of drought on seed yield components in common bean. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology 320–330.
Talaat N, Shawky B (2012) 24-Epibrassinolide ameliorates the saline stress and improves the productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Environmental and Experimental Botany 82, 80–88.
| 24-Epibrassinolide ameliorates the saline stress and improves the productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Talaat N, Shawky B (2013) 24-Epibrassinolide alleviates salt-induced inhibition of productivity by increasing nutrients and compatible solutes accumulation and enhancing antioxidant system in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 35, 729–740.
| 24-Epibrassinolide alleviates salt-induced inhibition of productivity by increasing nutrients and compatible solutes accumulation and enhancing antioxidant system in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Talaat N, Shawky B (2016) Dual application of 24-epibrassinolide and spermine confers drought stress tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) by modulating polyamine and protein metabolism. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 35, 518–533.
| Dual application of 24-epibrassinolide and spermine confers drought stress tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) by modulating polyamine and protein metabolism.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Terán H, Singh S (2002) Comparison of sources and lines selected for drought resistance in common bean. Crop Science 42, 64–70.
| Comparison of sources and lines selected for drought resistance in common bean.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 11756255PubMed |
Thussagunpanit J, Jutamanee K, Sonjaroon W, Kaveeta L, Chai-Arree W, Pankean P, Suksamrarn A (2015) Effects of brassinosteroid and brassinosteroid mimic on photosynthetic efficiency and rice yield under heat stress. Photosynthetica 53, 312–320.
| Effects of brassinosteroid and brassinosteroid mimic on photosynthetic efficiency and rice yield under heat stress.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Upreti K, Murti G (2004) Effects of brassmosteroids on growth, nodulation, phytohormone content and nitrogenase activity in French bean under water stress. Biologia Plantarum 48, 407–411.
| Effects of brassmosteroids on growth, nodulation, phytohormone content and nitrogenase activity in French bean under water stress.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Vardhini B, Anjum N (2015) Brassinosteroids make plant life easier under abiotic stresses mainly by modulating major components of antioxidant defense system. Frontiers in Environmental Science,
| Brassinosteroids make plant life easier under abiotic stresses mainly by modulating major components of antioxidant defense system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Xia J, Huang L, Zhou Y, Mao W, Shi K, Wu J, Asami T, Chen Z, Yu J (2009) Brassinosteroids promote photosynthesis and growth by enhancing activation of Rubisco and expression of photosynthetic genes in Cucumis sativus. Planta 230, 1185–1196.
| Brassinosteroids promote photosynthesis and growth by enhancing activation of Rubisco and expression of photosynthetic genes in Cucumis sativus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Xiong Y, Contento A, Nguyen P, Bassham D (2007) Degradation of oxidized proteins by autophagy during oxidative stress in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 143, 291–299.
| Degradation of oxidized proteins by autophagy during oxidative stress in Arabidopsis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17098847PubMed |
Yang J, Zhang J, Huang Z, Wang Z, Zhu Q, Liu L (2002) Correlation of cytokinin levels in the endosperms and roots with cell number and cell division activity during endosperm development in rice. Annals of Botany 90, 369–377.
| Correlation of cytokinin levels in the endosperms and roots with cell number and cell division activity during endosperm development in rice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12234149PubMed |
Yu J, Huang L, Hu W, Zhou Y, Mao W, Ye S, Nogues S (2004) A role for brassinosteroids in the regulation of photosynthesis in Cucumis sativus. Journal of Experimental Botany 55, 1135–1143.
| A role for brassinosteroids in the regulation of photosynthesis in Cucumis sativus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15107450PubMed |
Yuan G, Jia C, Li Z, Sun B, Zhang L, Liu N, Wang Q (2010) Effect of brassinosteroids on drought resistance and abscisic acid concentration in tomato under water stress. Scientia Horticulturae 126, 103–108.
| Effect of brassinosteroids on drought resistance and abscisic acid concentration in tomato under water stress.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhang M, Zhai Z, Tian X, Duan L, Li Z (2008) Brassinolide alleviated the adverse effect of water deficits on photosynthesis and the antioxidant of soybean (Glycine max L.). Plant Growth Regulation 56, 257–264.
| Brassinolide alleviated the adverse effect of water deficits on photosynthesis and the antioxidant of soybean (Glycine max L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhu J (2001) Cell signaling under salt, water and cold stresses. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 4, 401–406.
| Cell signaling under salt, water and cold stresses.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 11597497PubMed |
