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Plant sciences, sustainable farming systems and food quality
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Genetic variation for tolerance to extreme temperatures in wild and cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus) during early vegetative phases

Fernando Hernández https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5158-2029 A C , Mónica Poverene https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2650-5894 A , Kristin L. Mercer https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-2227 B and Alejandro Presotto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9085-9673 A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) – CONICET, San Andrés 800, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.

B Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

C Corresponding author. Email: fhernandez@cerzos-conicet.gob.ar

Crop and Pasture Science 71(6) 578-591 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP20005
Submitted: 10 January 2020  Accepted: 5 May 2020   Published: 4 June 2020

Abstract

The increased incidence of extreme temperature events due to global climate change poses a major challenge for crop production. Ability to increase temperature tolerance through genetic improvement requires understanding of how crops and their wild relatives respond to extreme temperatures. We developed a high-throughput technique to evaluate tolerance to freezing stress (FS) and heat stress (HS) in wild, crop–wild hybrid and cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). We also investigated whether trade-offs exist between stress tolerance and growth under benign conditions. Eleven experiments were performed under a combination of growth-chamber and field conditions. In growth-chamber experiments, FS and HS consisted of exposing acclimated plants at the 2–4-leaf stage to temperatures ranging from to –2.5°C to –4°C for 2–4 h and from 52°C to 54°C for 2–3 h. In the field, plants were grown for 32 days during midwinter (FS: average Tmean = 9.9°C and Tmin = 3.8°C) or for 10 days in a heat tent (HS: average Tmean = 30.1°C and Tmax = 43.3°C). We observed large differences in tolerance to FS and HS between wild and cultivated sunflower. Wild sunflower showed higher FS tolerance than cultivated in both growth-chamber and field experiments, whereas cultivated sunflower showed higher HS tolerance in growth-chamber experiments. No differences in HS tolerance were observed in the field. Crop–wild hybrids generally showed intermediate HS and FS tolerance. We found no evidence of a growth-tolerance trade-off, which suggests that tolerance might be introgressed into elite germplasm without growth penalties. The study reveals that wide genetic variation for the tolerance to extreme temperatures exists in the primary gene pool of sunflower.

Additional keywords: crop wild relatives, extreme temperatures, freezing stress, global change.


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