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Australian Energy Producers Journal Australian Energy Producers Journal Society
Journal of Australian Energy Producers
RESEARCH ARTICLE (Non peer reviewed)

Renewable energy taxation in the energy transition: how to replace coal and gas royalties in Australian State Budgets

Jonathan Fulcher A and Erin O’Shaughnessy A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A HopgoodGanim Lawyers, Level 8, Waterfront Place, 1 Eagle Street, Brisbane, Qld, 4000, Australia.




Jonathan Fulcher is a consultant at HopgoodGanim Lawyers. J.fulcher@hopgoodganim.com.au



Erin O’Shaughnessy is a solicitor at HopgoodGanim Lawyers. e.oshaughnessy@hopgoodganim.com.au


Australian Energy Producers Journal 65, EP24212 https://doi.org/10.1071/EP24212
Accepted: 1 March 2025  Published: 22 May 2025

© 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of Australian Energy Producers.

Abstract

This extended abstract seeks to answer the question as to how state Budgets in Australia can replace coal and gas royalties as we transition to different forms of energy. It sets out the magnitude of the budget hole which needs to be filled. Then, it suggests overseas examples and options that might be available from which we might learn how to tax renewable energy in a sustainable and replaceable way. Lastly, it argues that there is no easy solution to this tax dilemma and states may need to concentrate on the ‘net’ in Net Zero for longer than seems prudent, if the current global warming trends continue. If the United States steers back towards gas production and generates significant volumes of liquefied natural gas (LNG) for the global market, this will put even more pressure on Australian domestic gas supply and LNG production.

Keywords: climate change, coal, energy transition, fossil fuel royalties, gas, government budget shortfall, royalties, taxation policy design, taxing renewables.

Biographies

EP24212_B1.png

Jonathan Fulcher is a consultant at HopgoodGanim Lawyers. J.fulcher@hopgoodganim.com.au

EP24212_B2.png

Erin O’Shaughnessy is a solicitor at HopgoodGanim Lawyers. e.oshaughnessy@hopgoodganim.com.au

References

Adams P (2021) Zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050: what it means for the Australian economy, industries and regions. Working Paper No. G-324. (Centre of Policy Studies, Victoria University). Available at https://www.vu.edu.au/sites/default/files/zero-greenhouse-gas-emissions-by-2050-cops.pdf.

Amundsen ES (2024) ‘Rent Taxes on Natural Resources in Norway: A Short Overview’ (Working Paper No.10911, Cesifo). Available at https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2024/working-paper/rent-taxes-natural-resources-norway-short-overview

Burke PJ (2023) On the way out: government revenues from fossil fuels in Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 67, 1-17.
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Ebaidalla M (2024) The impact of taxation, technological innovation and trade openness on renewable energy investment: evidence from the top renewable energy producing countries. Energy 306, 132539.
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Lewandowski M (2019) Tax Policy and Taxation of Renewables: Better Tax Solutions to Enhance Production of Electricity from Renewable Sources. Environmental Policy and Law 49(1), 88-95.
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Ministry of Finance (2023) The Government will introduce a resource rent tax onshore wind power from 2024. Press Release, 6 October 2023. Available at https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/the-government-will-introduce-a-resource-rent-tax-on-onshore-wind-power-from-2024/id2997403/