Register      Login
Historical Records of Australian Science Historical Records of Australian Science Society
The history of science, pure and applied, in Australia, New Zealand and the southwest Pacific
RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Building a world class vegetation classification, mapping and information system that delivers outcomes for government and stakeholders—Queensland’s regional ecosystem framework

Victor John Neldner https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-4549 A * , Gordon Paul Guymer A and Timothy Shane Ryan https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3233-463X A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Queensland Herbarium and Biodiversity Science, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Qld 4066, Australia. Email: Gordon.guymer@detsi.qld.gov.au, Tim.ryan@detsi.qld.gov.au

* Correspondence to: John.neldner@detsi.qld.gov.au

Historical Records of Australian Science 36, HR25002 https://doi.org/10.1071/HR25002
Published online: 29 July 2025

© 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Australian Academy of Science.

Abstract

Vegetation classification, mapping and information systems form an objective tool for natural resource and conservation management and are increasingly used by governments to resolve contested land management policies. The Queensland Herbarium, currently known as Queensland Herbarium and Biodiversity Science (QHBS), has a long history of vegetation survey and mapping dating back to 1946. This extensive sustained experience has led to the innovative world-leading regional ecosystem framework that is a key government conservation planning instrument that has been pivotal in improving conservation outcomes as well as reducing tree clearing and carbon emissions from the agricultural sector in Queensland. There were multiple significant international drivers for reform in the management of the Queensland natural landscape. The Convention on Biological Diversity 1992, and the Kyoto Protocol 1997, and subsequent international climate agreements, together with National Forest Policy and state land lease review, were key drivers for land management and biodiversity conservation policy changes. The essential enabling ingredients for Queensland’s land management and biodiversity conservation policy changes were secure majority government, political leadership, and significant land management reforms, that could be implemented and supported by a skilled and well-managed, multi-disciplinary scientific team with the access to state-wide affordable imagery, and a legally-defensible scientific methodology that was accepted by most stakeholders. There are continuing improvements in the methodology and products as better imagery, new tools and models (for example vegetation condition) and more comprehensive site data become available.

Keywords: biodiversity assessment, conservation, land clearing, Queensland, regional ecosystem, vegetation management, vegetation mapping, vegetation survey.

References

Accad A, Neldner VJ (2015) ‘Remnant Regional Ecosystem Vegetation in Queensland, Analysis 1997–2013.’ (Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation: Brisbane)

Accad A, Neldner VJ, Wilson BA, Niehus RE (2001) ‘Remnant Vegetation in Queensland: Analysis of Pre-clearing, Remnant 1997–1999 Regional Ecosystem Information.’ (Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency: Brisbane)

Accad A, Neldner VJ, Wilson BA, Niehus RE (2003) ‘Remnant Vegetation in Queensland: Analysis of Remnant Vegetation 1997—1999—2000—2001, including Regional Ecosystem Information.’ (Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency: Brisbane)

Accad A, Neldner VJ, Wilson BA, Niehus RE (2006) ‘Remnant Vegetation in Queensland: Analysis of Remnant Vegetation 1997—1999—2000—2001—2003, including Regional Ecosystem Information.’ (Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency: Brisbane)

Accad A, Neldner VJ, Wilson, BA, Niehus RE (2008) ‘Remnant Vegetation in Queensland: Analysis of Remnant Vegetation 1997—1999—2000—2001—2003—2005, including Regional Ecosystem Information.’ (Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency: Brisbane)

Accad A, Li J, Dowling R, Guymer GP (2016) ‘Mangrove and associated communities of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia: change in extent 1955–1997–2012.’ (Queensland Herbarium, Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation) Available at https://publications.qld.gov.au/dataset/mangrove-and-associated-communities-of-moreton-bay

Accad A, Neldner VJ, Kelley JAR, Li J (2017) ‘Remnant Regional Ecosystem Vegetation in Queensland, Analysis 1997-2015.’ (Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation: Brisbane) Available at https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/ecosystems/remnant-vegetation/

Accad A, Neldner VJ, Kelley JAR, Li J, Richter D (2019) ‘Remnant Regional Ecosystem Vegetation in Queensland, Analysis 1997-2017.’ (Queensland Department of Environment and Science: Brisbane) Available at https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/ecosystems/remnant- vegetation/

Accad A, Kelley JAR, Richter D, Neldner VJ, Li J (2021) ‘Remnant Regional Ecosystem Vegetation in Queensland (Version 12.1), Analysis 1997-2019.’ (Queensland Department of Environment and Science: Brisbane) Available at https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/ecosystems/remnant-vegetation

Accad A, Kelley JAR, Richter D, Li J, Neldner VJ, Ryan TS (2023) ‘Remnant Regional Ecosystem Vegetation in Queensland (Version 13.0), Analysis 1997-2021.’ (Queensland Department of Environment and Science: Brisbane)

Accad A, Li J, Dowling R, Kelley J (2024) ‘Intertidal communities of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia: volume 1: change in extent 1955-1997-2012-2016-2021 mangrove and associated communities.’ (Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment, Science & Innovation, Queensland Government: Brisbane)

Addicott, E, Laurance, S, Lyons, M, Butler, D, and Neldner, J (2018) When rare species are not important: linking plot-based vegetation classifications and landscape-scale mapping in Australian savanna vegetation, Community Ecology, 19, 67-76.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Addicott, EP, Neldner, VJ, and Ryan, T (2021) Aligning quantitative vegetation classification and landscape scale mapping: Updating the classification approach of the Regional Ecosystem classification system used in Queensland, Australian Journal of Botany, 69, 400-413.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Australian Museum (2025) 2000 - 2009 Eureka Prize winners. Available at https://australian.museum/get-involved/eureka-prizes/eureka-prizes-archive/eureka-prize-winners-2000s/ [accessed 21 January 2025].

Batianoff GN, Elsol JA (1989) ‘Vegetation of the Sunshine Coast. Description and Management’. Queensland Botany Bulletin No. 7. (Queensland Department of Primary Industries: Brisbane)

Batianoff GN, McDonald TJ (1980) ‘Capricorn Coast Sand Dune and Headland Vegetation’. Technical Bulletin No. 6. (Botany Branch, Queensland Department of Primary Industries: Brisbane)

Bean AR, Sparshott KM, McDonald WJF, Neldner VJ (Eds) (1998) Forest Ecosystem Mapping and Analysis of South-Eastern Queensland Biogeographic Region. A. Vegetation Survey and Mapping. Report for Queensland CRA/RFA Steering Committee. (Queensland Herbarium, Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage, and Environment Australia, Commonwealth Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories: Brisbane)

Beeston G (1978) Vegetation. (Maps included). In ‘Western Arid Region Land Use Study - Part IV’. Technical Bulletin No. 23. pp. 36–50. (Division of Land Utilisation, Queensland Department of Primary Industries: Brisbane)

Benson, J (1995) Sampling, strategies and costs of regional vegetation mapping strategies. The Globe number 43, Journal of the Australian Map Circle, 43, 18-27.
| Google Scholar |

Blake, ST (1938) The plant communities of western Queensland and their relationships, with special reference to the grazing industry, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 49, 156-204.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Boyland DE (1974) Vegetation (maps included). In ‘Western Arid Region Land Use Study—Part 1’. Technical Bulletin No. 12. pp. 47–70. (Division of Land Utilisation, Department of Primary Industries: Brisbane)

Boyland DE (1980) Vegetation (maps included). In ‘Western Arid Region Land Use Study—Part II’. Technical Bulletin No. 22. pp. 36–67. (Division of Land Utilisation, Queensland Department of Primary Industries: Brisbane)

Boyland DE (1984) ‘South Western Queensland. Vegetation Survey of Queensland’. Bulletin No. 4. (Department of Primary Industries Botany: Qld)

Buck R, Armston J, Eyre T, Neldner J, Kelly A, Kitchen J (2009) ‘Queensland Vegetation Condition Mapping Trial.’ (Department of Environment and Resource Management: Brisbane)

Byrnes, NB, Everist, SL, Reynolds, ST, Specht, A, and Specht, RL (1977) The vegetation of Lizard Island, north Queensland, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 88, 1-15.
| Google Scholar |

Chytrý, M, Schaminee, JHJ, and Schwabe, A (2011) Vegetation survey: a new focus for applied vegetation science, Applied Vegetation Science, 14, 435-439.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Clarkson JR (1982) A Vegetation Survey of Special Bauxite Mining Lease 9, Aurukun. (Report prepared for the Shell Company of Australia)

Comben P (1999) Riversleigh—Pasture to Park. How a fossil field was preserved for science. In ‘Riversleigh Notes—The Newsletter of the Riversleigh Society’. pp. 4–6. (Riversleigh Society: P.O. Box 868, Kensington, NSW 1465)

DCCEEW (2021) Australia State of Environment 2021. Available at https://soe.dcceew.gov.au/

Department of Natural Resources and Mines (2000) ‘Land cover change in Queensland 1997–1999: a Statewide Landcover and Trees Study SLATS) Report, Dec, 2000.’ (Department of Natural Resources: Brisbane)

Department of Natural Resources and Mines (2004) ‘Land cover change in Queensland 1988–1991: a Statewide Landcover and Trees Study SLATS) Report, Dec, 2004.’ (Department of Natural Resources: Brisbane)

DES (2018) ‘Land cover change in Queensland State-wide Landcover and Trees Study Summary Report: 2016–17 and 2017–18.’ (Department of Environment and Science) Available at https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/management/mapping/statewide-monitoring/slats/slats-report#most-recent- reports

DES (Department of Environment and Science) (2021) ‘Spatial BioCondition: Vegetation condition map for Queensland.’ (Queensland Government: Brisbane) Available at https://www.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/230019/spatial-biocondition-vegetation-condition-map-for-queensland.pdf

DETSI (Department of Environment Tourism, Science and Innovation) (2025). ‘Spatial BioCondition version 2.0 – 2021 for the Brigalow Belt, Central Queensland Coast and Southeast Queensland bioregions.’ (Queensland Government: Brisbane) Available at https://www.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/404161/spatial-biocondition-fact-sheet.pdf

Dowling RM (1978) ‘The Vegetation of the Narrows. Appendix A. Annexure A. Rundle Oil Shale Proposal. Environmental Study Report Vol. 1, Fig. 220. Vol. 2.’ (Rankine and Hill)

Dowling RM (1980) The mangrove vegetation. In ‘Biological Resources Survey (Estuarine Inventory) Round Hill Head to Tannum Sands’. (Eds HF Olsen, RM Dowling, D Bareman) Research Bulletin No. 2. pp. 45–290. (Queensland Fisheries Service: Brisbane)

Dowling RM (1983) The mangrove communities. In ‘Biological Resources of Trinity Inlet and Bay Queensland’. (Ed. HF Olsen) Bulletin QB83004. pp. 23–28 plus map. (Queensland Department of Primary Industries: Brisbane)

Dowling RM (1986) ‘The Mangrove Vegetation of Moreton Bay’. Queensland Botany Bulletin No.6. (Queensland Department of Primary Industries: Brisbane)

Dowling RM, McDonald WJF (1976) ‘Moreton Region Vegetation Map Series: Brisbane.’ (Botany Branch, Queensland Department of Primary Industries: Brisbane)

Durrington LR (1973) Terrestrial and mangrove vegetation of the Serpentine Creek and Fisherman Island area. In ‘Port of Brisbane Strategic Plan’. (Department of Harbours and Marine: Qld)

Elsol, JA (1985) Vegetation of an eastern Australian coral cay - Lady Musgrave Island, Great Barrier Reef, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 96, 33-48.
| Google Scholar |

Elsol JA (1991) ‘Vegetation Description and Map. Ipswich, South-eastern Queensland. Scale 1:250 000’. Queensland Botany Bulletin No. 10. (Queensland Department of Primary Industries: Brisbane)

Elsol JA, Dowling RM (1978) ‘Moreton Region Vegetation Map Series: Beenleigh.’ (Botany Branch, Queensland Department of Primary Industries: Brisbane)

Elsol JA, Sattler PS (1979) ‘Moreton Region Vegetation Map Series: Caloundra.’ (Botany Branch, Queensland Department of Primary Industries: Brisbane)

Executive Steering Committee for Australian Vegetation Information (ESCAVI) (2003) ‘Australian Vegetation Attribute Manual: National Vegetation Information System, Version 6.0.’ (Department of the Environment and Heritage: Canberra)

Eyre TJ, Kelly AL, Neldner VJ, Wilson BA, Ferguson DJ, Laidlaw MJ, Franks AJ (2015) ‘BioCondition: A Condition Assessment Framework for Terrestrial Biodiversity in Queensland. Assessment Methodology Manual. Version 2.2.’ (Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation) Available at http://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/herbarium/publications/

Fensham, RJ (1995) Floristics and environmental relations of inland dry rainforest in north Queensland, Australia, Journal of Biogeography, 22, 1047-1063.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Fox ID, Neldner VJ, Wilson GW, Bannink PJ (2001) ‘Vegetation of Northern Australia.’ (Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency: Brisbane)

Grantham, HS, Pressey, RL, Wells, JA, and Beattie, AJ (2010) Effectiveness of Biodiversity Surrogates for Conservation Planning: Different Measures of Effectiveness Generate a Kaleidoscope of Variation, PLoS One, 5(7), e11430.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Harwood, TD, Donohue, RJ, Williams, KJ, Ferrier, S, McVicar, TR, Newell, G, and White, M (2016) HCAS: A new way to assess the condition of natural habitats for terrestrial biodiversity across whole regions using remote sensing data, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 7, 1050-1059.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Hassett R, Peart P, Bourne G, Cannon M, Barber D (2010) Guidelines for determining lease land condition – Queensland’s Delbessie Agreement (State Rural Leasehold Land Strategy). In ‘Proceedings of the 16th Biennial Conference of the Australian Rangeland Society’, Bourke. (Eds DJ Eldridge, C Waters) (Australian Rangeland Society: Perth)

Johnson RW (1964) ‘Ecology and control of brigalow in Queensland.’ (Queensland Department of Primary Industries Miscellaneous Publication) 10.5555/19662301619

Johnson RW (1970) Vegetation survey of Brigalow Research Station. In ‘Brigalow Research Station Soil and Vegetation Surveys’. (Eds AA Webb, RW Johnson) (Queensland Department of Primary Industries)

Kent M (2012) ‘Vegetation Description and Data Analysis: A Practical Approach.’ (Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford, UK)

Laidlaw MJ, Butler DW (2021) ‘Potential habitat modelling methodology for Queensland’. Version 2.0 Updated November 2021. (Queensland Herbarium, Queensland Department of Environment and Science: Brisbane) Available at https://www.publications.qld.gov.au/dataset/5884c115-6662-4409-81d0-54659eadd234/resource/1f855e4f-fc14-4556-bd22-18928e49d654

McDonald TJ (1984) ‘The Coastal Vegetation of Mulgrave Shire (Ellie Point to Buchan Point)’. Queensland Botany Bulletin No. 2. (Queensland Department of Primary Industries: Brisbane)

McDonald WJF (1998) Spatial and temporal patterns in the dry seasonal subtropical rainforests of eastern Australia, with particular reference to the vine thickets of central and southern Queensland. Ph.D. thesis, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.

McDonald WJF, Dillewaard HA (1994) ‘CORVEG (Version 2.0) Vegetation and Flora Data Base for Queensland.’ (Queensland Herbarium, Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage: Brisbane)

McDonald WJF, Elsol JA (1984) ‘Summary Report for Caloundra, Brisbane, Beenleigh and Murwillumbah Sheets’. Moreton Region Vegetation Map Series. (Queensland Department of Primary Industries: Brisbane)

McDonald WJF, Thomas MB (1993) Vegetation. (Maps included). In ‘Western Arid Region Land Use Study - Part V’. pp. 49–76. Technical Bulletin No. 30. (Division of Land Utilisation, Queensland Department of Primary Industries: Brisbane)

McDonald WJF, Whiteman WG (1979) ‘Moreton Region Vegetation Map Series: Murwillumbah.’ (Botany Branch, Queensland Department of Primary Industries: Brisbane)

McGrath C (2020) ‘Synopsis of the Queensland Legal System’, 7th edn. (Environmental Law Publishing: Brisbane)

Morgan, MG, and Terrey, J (1990) Natural regions of western New South Wales and their use for environmental management, Proceedings of Ecological Society of Australia, 16, 67-73.
| Google Scholar |

Munroe S, Malley C, Tetreault Campbell S, Hazelwood L, Gunawardana D, Perrott L, Williams K (2024) ‘Redesign kicks off for the Habitat Condition Assessment System’. Publication number: EP2023-5557. (CSIRO: Canberra, Australia)

Neldner VJ (1984) ‘South Central Queensland. Vegetation Survey of Queensland’. Botany Bulletin No. 3. (Queensland Department of Primary Industries)

Neldner VJ (1991) ‘Central Western Queensland. Vegetation Survey of Queensland’. Botany Bulletin No. 9. (Queensland Department of Primary Industries)

Neldner VJ (1993) ‘Vegetation Survey and Mapping in Queensland’. Botany Bulletin No. 12. (Qld)

Neldner, VJ (2014) The contribution of vegetation survey and mapping to Herbarium collections and botanical knowledge: a case study from Queensland, Cunninghamia, 14, 77-87.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Neldner, VJ, and Addicott, EP (2022) Three decades of monitoring the woody layer of tropical eucalypt woodlands of northern Queensland, Cunninghamia, 22, 71-87.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Neldner, VJ, and Butler, DW (2008) Is 500m2 an effective plot size to sample floristic diversity of Queensland vegetation? Cunninghamia, 10, 513-520.
| Google Scholar |

Neldner, VJ, and Butler, DW (2021) Dynamics of the ground layer communities of tropical eucalypt woodlands of northern Queensland, Australian Journal of Botany, 69, 85-101.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Neldner VJ, Clarkson JR (1991) ‘Vegetation Survey of Batavia Downs, Cape York Peninsula.’ (Queensland Department of Primary Industries Research Establishments Publication QR91003)

Neldner VJ, Clarkson JR (1995) ‘Vegetation Survey and Mapping of Cape York Peninsula.’ (Cape York Peninsula Land Use Strategy, Office of the Co-ordinator General and Queensland Department of Environment of Heritage: Brisbane)

Neldner, VJ, and Howitt, CJ (1991) Comparison of an intuitive mapping classification and numerical classifications of vegetation in south-east Queensland, Australia, Vegetatio, 94, 141-152.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Neldner, VJ, and Ngugi, MR (2014) Application of the BioCondition assessment framework to mine vegetation rehabilitation, Ecological Management & Restoration, 15(2), 158-161.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Neldner VJ, Paton CJ (1986) ‘Vegetation Survey of Brian Pastures Research Station, Gayndah, Queensland.’ (Queensland Department of Primary Industries Research Establishments Publication QR86003)

Neldner, VJ, Crossley, DC, and Cofinas, M (1995) Using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to determine the adequacy of sampling in vegetation surveys, Biological Conservation, 73, 1-17.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Neldner VJ, Thompson EJ, Bean AR, Dillewaard HA (1999) ‘Methodology for Survey and Mapping of Vegetation Communities and Regional Ecosystems in Queensland.’ (Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency: Brisbane)

Neldner, VJ, Kirkwood, AB, and Collyer, BS (2004a) Optimum time for sampling floristic diversity in tropical eucalypt woodlands of northern Queensland, The Rangeland Journal, 26, 190-203.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Neldner VJ, Wilson BA, Thompson EJ, Dillewaard HA (2004b) ‘Methodology for Survey and Mapping of Regional Ecosystems and Vegetation Communities in Queensland. Version 3.0.’ (Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency: Brisbane)

Neldner VJ, Wilson BA, Thompson EJ, Dillewaard HA (2005) ‘Methodology for Survey and Mapping of Regional Ecosystems and Vegetation Communities in Queensland. Version 3.1.’ (Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency: Brisbane)

Neldner VJ, Wilson BA, Thompson EJ, Dillewaard HA (2012) ‘Methodology for Survey and Mapping of Regional Ecosystems and Vegetation Communities in Queensland’. Version 3.2. Updated August 2012. (Queensland Herbarium, Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts: Brisbane)

Neldner VJ, Laidlaw MJ, McDonald KR, Mathieson MT, Melzer RI, Seaton R, McDonald, WJF, Hobson R, Limpus CJ (2017a) ‘Scientific review of the impacts of land clearing on threatened species in Queensland.’ (Queensland Government: Brisbane) Available at http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/wildlife/threatened-species/documents/land-clearing-impacts-threatened-species.pdf

Neldner VJ, Wilson BA, Dillewaard HA, Ryan TS, Butler DW (2017b) ‘Methodology for Survey and Mapping of Regional Ecosystems and Vegetation Communities in Queensland’. Version 4.0. (Queensland Herbarium, Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation: Brisbane)

Neldner VJ, Butler DW, Guymer GP (2019a) ‘Queensland’s regional ecosystems: Building a maintaining a biodiversity inventory, planning framework and information system for Queensland, Version 2.0.’ (Queensland Herbarium, Queensland Department of Environment and Science: Brisbane)

Neldner VJ, Wilson BA, Dillewaard HA, Ryan TS, Butler DW, McDonald WJF, Addicott EP, Appelman CN (2019b) ‘Methodology for Survey and Mapping of Regional Ecosystems and Vegetation Communities in Queensland’. Version 5.0. (Queensland Herbarium, Queensland Department of Environment and Science: Brisbane)

Neldner VJ, Niehus RE, Wilson BA, McDonald WJF, Ford AJ, Accad A (2023a) ‘The Vegetation of Queensland. Descriptions of Broad Vegetation Groups’. Version 6.0. (Queensland Herbarium, Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation: Brisbane) Available at https://www.publications.qld.gov.au/dataset/redd/resource/78209e74-c7f2-4589-90c1-c33188359086

Neldner VJ, Wilson BA, Dillewaard HA, Ryan TS, Butler DW, McDonald WJF, Richter D, Addicott EP, Appelman CN (2023b) ‘Methodology for survey and mapping of regional ecosystems and vegetation communities in Queensland’. Version 7.0 (PDF, 8 MB). Updated December 2023. (Queensland Herbarium, Queensland Department of Environment, Science and Innovation: Brisbane) Available at https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/herbarium/publications

Ngugi, MR, Neldner, VJ, and Dowling, R (2014) Non-native plant species richness adjacent to a horse trail network in seven National Parks in southeast Queensland, Australia, Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 21, 413-428.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

OECD Publishing (2019) ‘OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Australia.’ (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)

Pedley L (1967) Vegetation of the Nogoa-Belyando area. (Maps included). In ‘Lands of the Nogoa - Belyando Area, Queensland’. pp. 138–169. (CSIRO Land Research Series No. 18)

Pedley L (1974) Vegetation of the Balonne-Maranoa area. (Maps included). In ‘Lands of the Balonne-Maranoa Area, Queensland’. pp. 180–203. (CSIRO Land Research Series No. 34.)

Pedley, L, and Isbell, RF (1971) Plant communities of Cape York Peninsula, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 82, 51-73.
| Google Scholar |

Purdie RW (1986) Development of a National Park System for Queensland’s Mulga Region. In ‘The Mulga Lands’. (Ed. PS Sattler) Symposium Proceedings. pp. 122–127. (Royal Society of Queensland: Brisbane)

Purdie RW (1990) Vegetation (Maps included). In ‘Western Arid Region Land Use Study—Part VI’. Technical Bulletin No. 28. pp. 49–92. (Division of Land Utilisation, Department of Primary Industries: Brisbane)

Purdie RW, McDonald WJF (1990) Vegetation. (Maps included). In ‘Western Arid Region Land Use Study - Part III’. Technical Bulletin No. 29. pp. 69–103. (Division of Land Utilisation, Queensland Department of Primary Industries: Brisbane)

Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal (2022) Knuth & Ors v Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy [2022] QCATA. (2022 QCAT Judgements - Civil and Administrative Tribunal, Queensland Government)

Queensland Herbarium (2016) Regional Ecosystem Framework Training. Prerequisites, Competencies and Assessment. Available at https://publications.qld.gov.au/dataset/training-regional-ecosystem-fwork

Queensland Herbarium and Biodiversity Science (2024) ‘BioCondition Benchmark Database. Version 3.5 (September 2024).’ (DESI: Brisbane) Available at https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/biodiversity/benchmarks

Sattler PS (1986) Nature Conservation in Queensland: Planning the Matrix, Presidential Address, 7 April 1986. In ‘Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, Vol. 97’. pp. 1–21. (Royal Society of Queensland: Brisbane)

Sattler PS (1993) Towards a Nationwide Biodiversity Strategy—The Queensland Contribution. In ‘Conservation Biology in Australia and Oceania’. (Eds C Moritz, J Kikkawa) pp. 313–325. (Surrey Beatty and Sons: Chipping Norton)

Sattler PS (1999) Introduction. In ‘The Conservation Status of Queensland Bioregional Ecosystems’. (Eds PS Sattler, RD Williams) pp. 1–19. (Environmental Protection Agency: Brisbane)

Sattler PS (2017) Five Million Hectares – A Conservation Memoir- 1972-2008 (www.royalsocietyqld.org) Available at https://www.royalsociety.qld.org/science-library/member-collections/

Sattler PS, Williams RD (Eds) (1999) ‘The Conservation Status of Queensland Bioregional Ecosystems.’ (Environmental Protection Agency: Brisbane)

SLATS (State Land and Tree Study) (2016) ‘Land cover change in Queensland 2014–15: a Statewide Landcover and Trees Study (SLATS) report.’ (DSITI: Brisbane)

SLATS (State Land and Tree Study) (2025) SLATS analysis. Available at https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/management/vegetation/slats-analysis [8 January 2025].

Specht RL (1970) Vegetation. In ‘The Australian Environment’, 4th edn. (Ed. GW Leeper.) pp. 44–67. (CSIRO and Melbourne University Press)

Stanton JP, Morgan MG (1977) Project RAKES—The Rapid Selection and Appraisal of Key and Endangered Sites: The Queensland Case Study. (A report to the Department of Environment, Housing and Community Development, University of New England: Armidale)

Sun, D, Hnatiuk, RJ, and Neldner, VJ (1997) Review of vegetation classification and mapping systems undertaken by major forested land management agencies in Australia, Australian Journal of Botany, 45, 929-948.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Thackway R, Cresswell ID (Eds) (1995) ‘An Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia: a framework for establishing a national system of reserve, version 4.0.’ (Australian, Nature Conservation Agency: Canberra)

Thackway R, Lesslie R (2005) Vegetation Assets, States, and Transitions: accounting for vegetation condition in the Australian landscape. BRS Technical Report. (Bureau of Rural Sciences: Canberra)

Thackway R, Neldner VJ, Bolton MP (2008) Vegetation. In ‘Australian soil and land survey handbook: guidelines for surveying soil and land resources’, 2nd edn. (Eds NJ McKenzie, MJ Grundy, R Webster, AJ Ringrose-Voase) pp. 115–142. (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne)

Wesche, K, and von Wehrden, H (2011) Surveying southern Mongolia: application of multivariate classification methods in drylands with low diversity and long floristic gradients, Applied Vegetation Science, 14, 561-570.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Wilson PR, Taylor PM (2012) ‘Land Zones of Queensland’. 79 pp. (Queensland Herbarium, Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts: Brisbane) Available at http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/assets/documents/plants-animals/ecosystems/land-zones-queensland.pdf

Wilson, BA, Neldner, VJ, and Accad, A (2002) The extent and status of remnant vegetation in Queensland and its implications for statewide vegetation management and legislation, The Rangeland Journal, 24, 6-35.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Young PAR, McDonald TJ (1989) ‘Warwick South–eastern Queensland: Vegetation Map and Description’. Queensland Botany Bulletin No. 8. (Queensland Department of Primary Industries: Brisbane)