Sunlight can have a stronger influence than air temperature on soil solarisation: observational evidence from Australia

Maximilian McQuillan; Ronald J. Smernik; Ren Ryba

doi:10.1071/SR23168

RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

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Sunlight can have a stronger influence than air temperature on soil solarisation: observational evidence from Australia

Maximilian McQuillan

^A ^* , Ronald J. Smernik ^A and Ren Ryba ^B

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.

^B Animal Ask, Unit 10, The Linen House, 253 Kilburn Lane, London W10 4BQ, UK.

^* Correspondence to: maximilian.mcquillan@adelaide.edu.au

Handling Editor: Mark Farrell

Soil Research 62, SR23168 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR23168

Submitted: 24 August 2023 Accepted: 7 February 2024 Published: 27 February 2024

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Soil solarisation is a method for pest and weed control pioneered in agriculture, and it is increasingly being adopted by restoration practitioners. Solarisation works by covering moist soil during hot periods with a sheet of clear plastic. The success of soil solarisation depends in large part on increasing the temperature of the topsoil. Topsoil temperature depends on several physical variables, including soil moisture content, ambient temperature, and sunlight intensity. In restoration scenarios, solarisation can be used to reduce weed and pathogen loads prior to planting target plants. It is rarely possible to have tight control over all the variables that are important for solarisation; however, practitioners can time interventions to maximise seasonal temperature and sunlight intensity. In this study, we investigated how these two key physical variables – temperature and sunlight – contributed to the success of soil solarisation. We found that while both ambient temperature and sunlight contributed to soil temperature, the data suggests that sunlight was the more influential driver of soil temperature. These results show that, when planning for soil solarisation during ecological restoration, land managers can benefit by considering sunlight as well as air temperature. The result that sunlight may be the more influential driver of soil temperature empowers land managers to better plan solarisation using sunlight projections, even when temperature is not optimal or is unpredictable.

Keywords: grassland restoration ecology, non-native plants, soil biology, soil seed bank, soil solarisation, soil temperature, southern hemisphere, tillage, weeds.

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