Long-term experiments on atrazine adsorption in biochar-amended soils in Brazilian tropical areas
Etelvino Henrique Novotny
A * , Michele Fabri de Resende A and Beata E. Madari B
A
B
Abstract
Biochar has been recommended to improve soil fertility. Biochar may alter the sorptive properties of soil due to its high sorption capacity for organic molecules. However, there is relatively little information in the literature on the medium- and long-term impacts of biochar on soil sorptive capacity based on in situ field experiments.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effect of biochar on atrazine adsorption in field trials.
Adsorption isotherms were measured in two field experiments, up to 6 years following a single 16 Mg ha−1 biochar application.
Compared to the control, the Freundlich solid–water distribution coefficient was higher in the biochar-amended soils. This effect decreased with time, but remained significantly higher compared with the control treatment up to 5 years after the single biochar application.
Biochar increased the soil sorption capacity, with a residual effect observable 5 years after a single biochar application. The decrease in sorption capacity of biochar-treated soils over time is likely attributable to the obstruction and/or saturation of biochar sorption sites by clay and indigenous soil organic matter, in addition to pore occlusion.
The enhancement of soil sorption capacity with biochar is important for reducing atrazine pollution, a pesticide with high soil mobility and environmental persistence. The biochar’s residual effect indicates its efficacy in regulating the mobility of atrazine. However, the negative effects of increased soil sorption capacity due to biochar must also be considered. Pesticide efficacy may decrease, necessitating higher dosages, while the environmental persistence of organic contaminants could potentially increase.
Keywords: charcoal, Freundlich coefficients, long-term kinetic, pesticides, pyrogenic carbon, residual effect, soil contamination, sorption.
References
Ahangar GA, Smernik RJ, Kookana RS, Chittleborough DJ (2008) Clear effects of soil organic matter chemistry, as determined by NMR spectroscopy, on the sorption of diuron. Chemosphere 70(7), 1153-1160.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Ahmad R, Kookana RS, Alston AM, Skjemstad JO (2001) The nature of soil organic matter affects sorption of pesticides. 1. Relationships with carbon chemistry as determined by 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy. Environmental Science & Technology 35(5), 878-884.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Ahmad M, Rajapaksha AU, Lim JE, Zhang M, Bolan N, Mohan D, Vithanage M, Lee SS, Ok YS (2014) Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: a review. Chemosphere 99, 19-33.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Alvarez OD, Mendes KF, Tosi M, Fonseca de Souza L, Campos Cedano JC, Falcão NPdS, Dunfield K, Tsai SM, Tornisielo VL (2021) Sorption-desorption and biodegradation of sulfometuron-methyl and its effects on the bacterial communities in Amazonian soils amended with aged biochar. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 207, 111222.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Beesley L, Morno-Jiménez E, Gomez-Eyles JL, Harris E, Robinson B, Sizmur T (2011) A review of biochars’ potential role in the remediation, revegetation and restoration of contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution 159(12), 3269-3282.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Cernansky R (2015) Agriculture: State-of-the-art soil. A charcoal-rich product called biochar could boost agricultural yields and control pollution. Scientists are putting the trendy substance to the test. Nature 517, 258-260.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Chen B, Zhou D, Zhu L (2008) Transitional adsorption and partition of nonpolar and polar aromatic contaminants by biochars of pine needles with different pyrolytic temperatures. Environmental Science & Technology 42(14), 5137-5143.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Cheng C-H, Lin T-P, Lehmann J, Fang L-J, Yang Y-W, Menyailo O-V, Chang K-H, Lai J-S (2014) Sorption properties for black carbon (wood char) after long term exposure in soils. Organic Geochemistry 70, 53-61.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
De Pierri L, Novotny EH, Cerri CEP, De Souza AJ, Mattos BB, Tornisielo VL, Regitano JB (2022) Accessing biochar’s porosity using a new low field NMR approach and its impacts on the retention of highly mobile herbicides. Chemosphere 287, 132237.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
De Resende MF, Brasil TF, Madari BE, Pereira Netto AD, Novotny EH (2018) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biochar amended soils: long-term experiments in Brazilian tropical areas. Chemosphere 200, 641-648.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Delwiche KB, Lehman J, Walter MT (2014) Atrazine leaching from biochar-amended soils. Chemosphere 95, 346-352.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Deng H, Feng D, He J-X, Li F-Z, Yu H-M, Ge C-J (2017) Influence of biochar amendments to soil on the mobility of atrazine using sorption-desorption and soil thin-layer chromatography. Ecological Engineering 99, 381-390.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Dong X, Chu Y, Tong Z, Sun M, Meng D, Yi X, Gao T, Wang M, Duan J (2024) Mechanisms of adsorption and functionalization of biochar for pesticides: a review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 272, 116019.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Dutta A, Mandal A, Manna S, Singh SB, Berns AE, Singh N (2015) Effect of organic carbon chemistry on sorption of atrazine and metsulfuron-methyl as determined by 13C-NMR and IR spectroscopy. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187, 620.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Dutta T, Kwon E, Bhattacharya SS, Jeon BH, Deep A, Uchimiya M, Kim K-H (2017) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds in biochar and biochar-amended soil: a review. GCB Bioenergy 9(6), 990-1004.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Farenhorst A, Saiyed IM, Goh TB, McQueen P (2010) The important characteristics of soil organic matter affecting 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid sorption along a catenary sequence. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 45(3), 204-213.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Gámiz B, Hall K, Spokas KA, Cox L (2019a) Understanding activation effects on low-temperature biochar for optimization of herbicide sorption. Agronomy 9(10), 588.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Gámiz B, Velarde P, Spokas KA, Celis R, Cox L (2019b) Changes in sorption and bioavailability of herbicides in soil amended with fresh and aged biochar. Geoderma 337, 341-349.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Gauthier TD, Seltz WR, Grant CL (1987) Effects of structural and compositional variations of dissolved humic materials on pyrene KOC values. Environmental Science & Technology 21(3), 243-252.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Glaser B, Balashov E, Haumaier L, Guggenberger G, Zech W (2000) Black carbon in density fractions of anthropogenic soils of the Brazilian Amazon region. Organic Geochemistry 31(7–8), 669-678.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Glaser B, Haumaier L, Guggenberger G, Zech W (2001) The ‘Terra Preta’ phenomenon: a model for sustainable agriculture in the humid tropics. Naturwissenschaften 88, 37-41.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Graber ER, Tsechansky L, Khanukov J, Oka Y (2011) Sorption, volatilization, and efficacy of the fumigant 1,3-Dichloropropene in a biochar-amended soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal 75(4), 1365-1373.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Hussain M, Farooq M, Nawaz A, Al-Sadi AM, Solaiman ZM, Alghamdi SS, Ammara U, Ok YS, Siddique KHM (2017) Biochar for crop production: potential benefits and risks. Journal of Soils and Sediments 17, 685-716.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
IBAMA (2022) Boletins anuais de produção, importação, exportação e vendas de agrotóxicos no Brasil, Brasília, DF. Available at https://www.gov.br/ibama/pt-br/assuntos/quimicos-e-biologicos/agrotoxicos/arquivos/qualidadeambiental/relatorios/2023/20231211_01_os_10_ias_mais_vendidos_20221.xlsx [accessed 10 October 2024]
Jin J, Kang M, Sun K, Pan Z, Wu F, Xing B (2016) Properties of biochar-amended soils and their sorption of imidacloprid, isoproturon, and atrazine. Science of the Total Environment 550, 504-513.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Jin J, Sun K, Yang Y, Wang Z, Han L, Wang X, Wu F, Xing B (2018) Comparison between soil- and biochar-derived humic acids: composition, conformation, and phenanthrene sorption. Environmental Science & Technology 52(4), 1880-1888.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Jones DL, Edwards-Jones G, Murphy DV (2011) Biochar mediated alterations in herbicide breakdown and leaching in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43(4), 804-813.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Junqueira LV, Mendes KF, De Sousa RN, Almeida CdS, Alonso FG, Tornisielo VL (2020) Sorption-desorption isotherms and biodegradation of glyphosate in two tropical soils aged with eucalyptus biochar. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 66(12), 1651-1667.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Khalid S, Shahid M, Murtaza B, Bibi I, Natasha , Naeem MA, Niazi NK (2020) A critical review of different factors governing the fate of pesticides in soil under biochar application. Science of the Total Environment 711, 134645.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Kleineidam S, Rügner H, Grathwohl P (1999) Impact of grain scale heterogeneity on slow sorption kinetics. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18(8), 1673-1678.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Kong X, Jiang J, Ma J, Yang Y, Liu W, Liu Y (2016) Degradation of atrazine by UV/chlorine: efficiency, influencing factors, and products. Water Research 90, 15-23.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Kookana RS (2010) The role of biochar in modifying the environmental fate, bioavailability, and efficacy of pesticides in soils: a review. Australian Journal of Soil Research 48(7), 627-637.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Kookana RS, Sarmah AK, van Zwieten L, Krull E, Singh B (2011) Biochar application to soil: agronomic and environmental benefits and unintended consequences. In ‘Advances in Agronomy, Vol. 112’. (Ed. DL Sparks) pp. 103–143. (Academic Press) 10.1016/B978-0-12-385538-1.00003-2
Kumari KGID, Moldrup P, Paradelo M, De Jonge LW (2014) Phenanthrene sorption on biochar-amended soils: application rate, aging, and physicochemical properties of soil. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 225, 2105.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Kumari KGID, Moldrup P, Paradelo M, Elsgaard L, De Jonge LW (2016) Soil properties control glyphosate sorption in soils amended with birch wood biochar. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 227, 174.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Lian F, Xing B (2017) Black carbon (biochar) in water/soil environments: molecular structure, sorption, stability, and potential risk. Environmental Science & Technology 51(23), 13517-13532.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Lian F, Sun B, Chen X, Zhu L, Liu Z, Xing B (2015) Effect of humic acid (HA) on sulfonamide sorption by biochars. Environmental Pollution 204, 306-312.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Liu N, Charrua AB, Weng C-H, Yuan X, Ding F (2015) Characterization of biochars derived from agriculture wastes and their adsorptive removal of atrazine from aqueous solution: a comparative study. Bioresource Technology 198, 55-62.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Liu Y, Lonappan L, Brar SK, Yang S (2018) Impact of biochar amendment in agricultural soils on the sorption, desorption, and degradation of pesticides: a review. Science of The Total Environment 645, 60-70.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Mandal A, Singh N, Purakayastha TJ (2017) Characterization of pesticide sorption behaviour of slow pyrolysis biochars as low cost adsorbent for atrazine and imidacloprid removal. Science of The Total Environment 577, 376-385.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Martin SM, Kookana RS, Zwieten LV, Krull E (2012) Marked changes in herbicide sorption–desorption upon ageing of biochars in soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials 231–232, 70-78.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Martinazzo R, Jablonowski ND, Hamacher G, Dick DP, Burauel P (2010) Accelerated degradation of 14C-atrazine in brazilian soils from different regions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58, 7864-7870.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Mendes KF, Olivatto GP, De Sousa RN, Junqueira LV, Tornisielo VL (2019) Natural biochar effect on sorption–desorption and mobility of diclosulam and pendimethalin in soil. Geoderma 347, 118-125.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Mia S, Dijkstra FA, Singh B (2017) Long-term aging of biochar: a molecular understanding with agricultural and environmental implications. In ‘Advances in Agronomy, Vol. 141’. (Ed. DL Sparks) pp. 1–51. (Academic Press) 10.1016/bs.agron.2016.10.001
Mitchell PJ, Simpson MJ (2013) High affinity sorption domains in soil are blocked by polar soil organic matter components. Environmental Science & Technology 47(1), 412-419.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Mosquera-Vivas CS, Hansen EW, García-Santos G, Obregón-Neira N, Celis-Ossa RE, González-Murillo CA, Juraske R, Hellweg S, Guerrero-Dallos JA (2016) The effect of the soil properties on adsorption, single-point desorption, and degradation of chlorpyrifos in two agricultural soil profiles from Colombia. Soil Science 181(9/10), 446-456.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Motoki Y, Iwafune T, Seike N, Otani T, Asano M (2014) Effects of organic carbon quality on the sorption behavior of pesticides in Japanese soils. Journal of Pesticide Science 39(2), 105-114.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Novotny EH, Hayes MHB, Madari BE, Bonagamba TJ, De Azevedo ER, De Souza AA, Song G, Nogueira CM, Mangrich AS (2009) Lessons from the Terra Preta de Índios of the Amazon region for the utilisation of charcoal for soil amendment. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 20(6), 1003-1010.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Novotny EH, Maia CMBdF, Carvalho MTdM, Madari BE (2015) Biochar: pyrogenic carbon for agricultural use – a critical review. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 39, 321-344.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Novotny EH, Turetta APD, Resende MF, Rebello CM (2020) The quality of soil organic matter, accessed by 13C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, is just as important as its content concerning pesticide sorption. Environmental Pollution 266, 115298.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
OECD (2000) OECD guideline for the testing of chemicals: adsorption – desorption using a batch equilibrium method. Available at https://archive.epa.gov/scipoly/sap/meetings/web/pdf/106_adsorption_desorption_using.pdf [accessed 16 October 2024]
Ogura AP, Lima JZ, Marques JP, Sousa LM, Rodrigues VGS, Espíndola ELG (2021) A review of pesticides sorption in biochar from maize, rice, and wheat residues: current status and challenges for soil application. Journal of Environmental Management 300, 113753.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Ouyang W, Zhao X, Tysklind M, Hao F (2016) Typical agricultural diffuse herbicide sorption with agricultural waste-derived biochars amended soil of high organic matter content. Water Research 92, 156-163.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Parolo ME, Savini MC, Loewy RM (2017) Characterization of soil organic matter by FT-IR spectroscopy and its relationship with chlorpyrifos sorption. Journal of Environmental Management 196, 316-322.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Peres FSC, Petter FA, Sinhorin AP, De Lima LB, Tavanti TR, Freddi OdS, Junior BHM (2022) Influence of biochar on the sorption and leaching of thiamethoxan in soil. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 57(2), 153-163.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Petter FA, Ferreira TS, Sinhorin AP, De Lima LB, De Morais LA, Pacheco LP (2016) Sorption and desorption of diuron in Oxisol under biochar application. Bragantia 75(4), 487-496.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Pignatello JJ, Kwon S, Lu Y (2006) Effect of natural organic substances on the surface and adsorptive properties of environmental black carbon (char): attenuation of surface activity by humic and fulvic acids. Environmental Science & Technology 40(24), 7757-7763.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Porto MAF, Mendes KF, Tornisielo VL, Guiotoku M, Souza MdF, Lins HA, Silva DV (2024) Biochar obtained from eucalyptus, rice hull, and native bamboo as an alternative to decrease mobility of hexazinone, metribuzin, and quinclorac in a tropical soil. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 196, 423.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Prodana M, Bastos AC, Amaro A, Cardoso D, Morgado R, Machado AL, Verheijen FGA, Keizer JJ, Loureiro S (2019) Biomonitoring tools for biochar and biochar-compost amended soil under viticulture: looking at exposure and effects. Applied Soil Ecology 137, 120-128.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Real M, Gámiz B, López-Cabeza R, Celis R (2019) Sorption, persistence, and leaching of the allelochemical umbelliferone in soils treated with nanoengineered sorbents. Nature 9, 9764.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Ren X, Zhang P, Zhao L, Sun H (2016) Sorption and degradation of carbaryl in soils amended with biochars: influence of biochar type and content. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, 2724-2734.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Ren X, Wang F, Zhang P, Guo J, Sun H (2018a) Aging effect of minerals on biochar properties and sorption capacities for atrazine and phenanthrene. Chemosphere 2016, 51-58.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Ren X, Yuan X, Sun H (2018b) Dynamic changes in atrazine and phenanthrene sorption behaviors during the aging of biochar in soils. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, 81-90.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Salloum MJ, Chefetz B, Hatcher PG (2002) Phenanthrene sorption by aliphatic-rich natural organic matter. Environmental Science & Technology 36(9), 1953-1958.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Savini MC, Loewy RM, Nicotra VE, Parolo ME (2017) Contribution of soil components on the sorption of chlorpyrifos. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 228, 36.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Shaner DL, Henry B (2007) Field history and dissipation of atrazine and metolachlor in Colorado. Journal of Environmental Quality 36, 128-134.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Smernik RJ, Kookana RS (2015) The effects of organic matter–mineral interactions and organic matter chemistry on diuron sorption across a diverse range of soils. Chemosphere 119, 99-104.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Souza MCO, Cruz JC, Cesila CA, Gonzalez N, Rocha BA, Adeyemi JA, Nadal M, Domingo JL, Barbosa F (2023) Recent trends in pesticides in crops: a critical review of the duality of risks-benefits and the Brazilian legislation issue. Environmental Research 228, 115811.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Spokas KA, Koskinen WC, Baker JM, Reicosky DC (2009) Impacts of woodchip biochar additions on greenhouse gas production and sorption/degradation of two herbicides in a Minnesota soil. Chemosphere 77(4), 574-581.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Sun K, Jin J, Keiluweit M, Kleber M, Wang Z, Pan Z, Xing B (2012) Polar and aliphatic domains regulate sorption of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) to biochars. Bioresource Technology 118, 120-127.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Sun K, Kang M, Zhang Z, Jin J, Wang Z, Pan Z, Xu D, Wu F, Xing B (2013) Impact of deashing treatment on biochar structural properties and potential sorption mechanisms of phenanthrene. Environmental Science & Technology 47(20), 11473-11481.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Sun C, Liu Y, Bei K, Zheng W, Wang Q, Wang Q (2024) Impact of biochar on the degradation rates of three pesticides by vegetables and its effects on soil bacterial communities under greenhouse conditions. Scientific Reports 14, 19986.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Suo F, Liu X, Li C, Yuan M, Zhang B, Wang J, Ma Y, Lai Z, Ji M (2019a) Mesoporous activated carbon from starch for superior rapid pesticides removal. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 121, 806-813.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Suo F, You X, Ma Y, Li Y (2019b) Rapid removal of triazine pesticides by P doped biochar and the adsorption mechanism. Chemosphere 235, 918-925.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Trigo C, Spokas KA, Cox L, Koskinen WC (2014) Influence of soil biochar aging on sorption of the herbicides MCPA, nicosulfuron, terbuthylazine, indaziflam, and fluoroethyldiaminotriazine. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 62(45), 10855-10860.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
USEPA (1992) Technical resource document. Batch-type procedures for estimating soil adsorption of chemicals. (USEPA: Washington, DC) Available at https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/100018S4.PDF?Dockey=100018S4.PDF
Varjani S, Kumar G, Rene ER (2019) Developments in biochar application for pesticide remediation: current knowledge and future research directions. Journal of Environmental Management 232, 505-513.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Wang X, Guo X, Yang Y, Tao S, Xing B (2011) Sorption mechanisms of phenanthrene, lindane, and atrazine with various humic acid fractions from a single soil sample. Environmental Science & Technology 45(6), 2124-2130.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Meng Q, Gao F, Zhang Y (2017) Characterization of spectral responses of dissolved organic matter (DOM) for atrazine binding during the sorption process onto black soil. Chemosphere 180, 531-539.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Wauchope RD, Yeh S, Linders JBHJ, Kloskowski R, Tanaka K, Rubin B, Katayama A, Kordel W, Gerstl Z, Lane M, Unsworth JB (2002) Pesticide soil sorption parameters: theory, measurement, uses, limitations and reliability. Pest Management Science 58(5), 419-445.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Wu Y, Chen B (2019) Effect of fulvic acid coating on biochar surface structure and sorption properties towards 4-chlorophenol. Science of The Total Environment 691, 595-604.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Wu C, Liu X, Wu X, Dong F, Xu J, Zheng Y (2019) Sorption, degradation and bioavailability of oxyfluorfen in biochar-amended soils. Science of The Total Environment 658, 87-94.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Xing B, McGill WB, Dudas MJ (1994) Sorption of α-naphthol onto organic sorbents varying in polarity and aromaticity. Chemosphere 28(1), 145-153.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Xu C, Liu W, Sheng GD (2008) Burned rice straw reduces the availability of clomazone to barnyardgrass. Science of The Total Environment 392(2–3), 284-289.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Yang Y, Sheng G, Huang M (2006) Bioavailability of diuron in soil containing wheat-straw-derived char. Science of The Total Environment 354(2–3), 170-178.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Yang F, Zhang W, Li J, Wang S, Tao Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y (2017) The enhancement of atrazine sorption and microbial transformation in biochars amended black soils. Chemosphere 189, 507-516.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Yang K, Wang X, Wu H, Fang N, Liu Y, Zhang C, Yu X, Wang X (2023) Adsorption of Pyraclostrobin in water by bamboo-derived and pecan shell-derived biochars. Sustainability 15(19), 14585.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Yu Z, Sharma S, Huang W (2006) Differential roles of humic acid and particulate organic matter in the equilibrium sorption of atrazine by soils. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25(8), 1975-1983.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Yu X-Y, Ying G-G, Kookana RS (2009) Reduced plant uptake of pesticides with biochar additions to soil. Chemosphere 76(5), 665-671.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Zhao Z, Wu Q, Niea T, Zhou W (2019) Quantitative evaluation of relationships between adsorption and partition of atrazine in biochar-amended soils with biochar characteristics. RSC Advances 9, 4162-4171.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Zheng H, Zhang Q, Liu G, Luo X, Li F, Zhang Y, Wang Z (2019) Characteristics and mechanisms of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl adsorption onto biochars: influence of deashing and low molecular weight organic acid (LMWOA) aging and co-existence. Science of The Total Environment 657, 953-962.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Zhou J, Chen H, Huang W, Arocena JM, Ge S (2016) Sorption of atrazine, 17α-estradiol, and phenanthrene on wheat straw and peanut shell biochars. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 227, 7.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
