Modelling and constructing engineered soil for post-mining landforms to create optimal ecological outcomes: application of a computer based Landscape Evolution Model (SSSPAM)

W. D. Dimuth P. Welivitiya; G Hancock; I Senanayake

Just Accepted

This article has been peer reviewed and accepted for publication. It is in production and has not been edited, so may differ from the final published form.

Modelling and constructing engineered soil for post-mining landforms to create optimal ecological outcomes: application of a computer based Landscape Evolution Model (SSSPAM)

W. D. Dimuth P. Welivitiya, G Hancock , I Senanayake

Abstract

Context. Designing a landscape without considering the evolution of surface materials and pedogenesis assumes that any materials are in an equilibrium state. Aims. This is not the case for new landscapes such as post-mining landforms. Computer-based Landscape Evolution Models including the State Space Soil Production and Assessment Model (SSSPAM) have the capability to predict both surface and subsurface landscape evolution. Methods. Here, the effect of depth-dependent pedogenesis functions (DDWF) and particle breakage geometry on erosion rates and landform evolution are examined using SSSPAM for a site in the Bowen Basin, Queensland, Australia. Key results. Landforms generated by either the Exponential or Humped Exponential DDWFs showed unique erosion rates. Conclusions. Analysis of weathering mechanism geometry demonstrated that the size distribution of daughter particles significantly influences erosion rates and landform evolution. Implications. With knowledge of weathering and pedogenesis, an optimised landscape can be engineered which would reduce the cost of post-mining landform design and construction.

SR24230 Accepted 07 May 2025