This article contains a review of research into Thoroughbred growth and development. It considers different stages of growth, factors that influence growth and influences on performance in the sales ring and on the racetrack.

Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is perhaps one of the most recognised clinical conditions by horse owners today due to its association with obesity and, perhaps most importantly, its link with laminitis risk. However, over the past few decades as our knowledge has increased, our understanding of what EMS is has obviously evolved and developed. While not intended to be a comprehensive review of the topic or the literature, the present article provides a short perspective of how the term EMS developed and how its definition has changed over the years, as well as what this might mean to the horse and/or pony owner and their veterinarian.

Information on the nutritional status of mares is needed for sound nutritional management and efficient pasture utilisation on Thoroughbred stud farms. Mares managed on pasture may enter energy deficit during lactation that can lead to body condition loss, and impact reproductive performance. The size of the deficit is driven by the dynamic associations between energy supply from pasture and the timing of increased lactation requirements. There is a need for the monitoring of pasture quality and supply, feed budgeting and active stock management on stud farms especially during the breeding season.

Little is known about the prevalence of important horse worm species on Australian farms or how horse owners manage them. Our study showed a high farm prevalence of cyathostomin and roundworms (Parascaris equorum), a much lower presence of tapeworm and large strongyles (Strongylus vulgaris) and a reliance on worm-control practices that may encourage drug resistance. These results can help inform more strategic and sustainable worm-management regimens into the future.

Breeding mares are kept at pasture in New Zealand and reproductive efficiency is improving. However, Thoroughbred breeders face significant pressures from industry with a short breeding season that does not match the timing of the natural breeding season, and popular stallions are required to breed many mares. Breeding horses require excellent stud management and veterinary management to achieve industry targets.

The utilisation of pasture as a predominant source of nutrition for broodmares and young stock is a unique feature of the New Zealand commercial equine industry. The export focus of the Thoroughbred industry has a large influence on many husbandry practices and industry structure.

This review presents data on the size, scope and organisation of equestrian sport and racing within New Zealand. The keys features of which are shaped by pasture-based management and a large export focus for the Thoroughbred industry. Describing the racing and sport-horse industries is essential to aid understanding of the production process of the equine athlete in New Zealand.