How soil fungal communities respond to invasive plant species treatments in soil from Banksia woodland, south-western Australia

Aaron J. Brace; Katinka X. Ruthrof; Joseph B. Fontaine; Ben P. Miller; Anna J. M. Hopkins

doi:10.1071/BT24083

RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Next Contents Vol 73(4)

How soil fungal communities respond to invasive plant species treatments in soil from Banksia woodland, south-western Australia

Aaron J. Brace

^A ^B ^* , Katinka X. Ruthrof ^B ^C , Joseph B. Fontaine ^C , Ben P. Miller

^D and Anna J. M. Hopkins ^A ^E

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A Molecular Ecology and Evolution Group, School of Science, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.

^B Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia.

^C Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.

^D Kings Park Science, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, 2 Kattidj Close, Kings Park, WA 6005, Australia.

^E Centre for People Place and Planet, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.

^* Correspondence to: aaron.brace@dbca.wa.gov.au

Handling Editor: Ben Gooden

Australian Journal of Botany 73, BT24083 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT24083

Submitted: 6 December 2024 Accepted: 29 April 2025 Published: 13 May 2025

© 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Context

Invasive plants are one of the most significant threats to woodlands globally. Methods of invasive plant control include manual removal and herbicide application. While the impacts of control methods on invasive and off-target native plant species are often explored, the impacts on below-ground organisms, such as fungi, are less well understood.

Aims

We conducted a glasshouse trial to investigate the responses of soil fungal communities to herbicides and manual removal that are used to control common invasive plant species in Banksia woodland in south-western Australia.

Methods

Broad spectrum (glyphosate and pelargonic acid) and grass-specific (fluazifop-p-butyl) herbicides were separately applied to pots containing either Ehrharta calycina, a key invasive grass species or Eucalyptus todtiana, a native woodland tree at the recommended woodland rate. After six weeks, samples of treated soils were subjected to high throughput sequencing to determine fungal community diversity, richness, relative abundance, composition and putative ecosystem function.

Key results

Pelargonic acid induced the widest range of changes including decreased fungal richness and Shannon diversity but all herbicides affected community composition. Within functional groups, fluazifop-p-butyl led to a significant decrease of symbiotrophs in the mycorrhizal species.

Conclusions

We show that invasive species management, in the manner applied, can lead to immediate changes in fungal community composition.

Implications

Observed patterns require further exploration, particularly repeat testing under different environmental conditions, to better determine the impact and mode of action of herbicides on below-ground organisms. The functional changes in the soil fungal community could further disturb the soil fungal community and complicate subsequent management considerations.

Keywords: bioinformatics, eDNA, herbicide effects, invasive species management, ITS subregion, Mediterranean type climate ecosystem, non-target damage, soil fungi.

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