Assessing greenhouse gas emissions in LNG transport: a Monte Carlo analysis of the Gladstone-to-Himeji route
Fabio Terzini A * , Justin Stirling B and Stuart Brown CA
B
C
Dr Fabio Terzini is the Chief Technology Officer for CarbonOptics, a joint venture between Elite Energy Consultants and Nexia Edwards Marshall, and has been supporting the delivery of specialised engineering and IT projects around the globe. Dr Terzini is a chemical engineer and holds a PhD in reservoir engineering from the University of Queensland in Australia. Prior to joining Elite Energy Consultants, Dr Terzini worked with Worley and Advisian on various large-scale projects in Australia, New Zealand and Brazil. Dr Terzini has also interest in hydrogen production, CCUS and greenhouse gas emissions. |
Justin Stirling is a Director for EnergySys Pty Ltd and has been supporting global customers and partners for over 5 years. Prior to joining EnergySys, Justin worked with Tieto on various large-scale projects in Australia and Asia as a Project Manager and Service Delivery Manager. |
Stuart Brown is the Enablement Director for EnergySys and has been supporting global customers and partners for over 12 years. Prior to joining EnergySys, Stuart worked with Tieto on various large-scale projects in Europe and as a Hydrocarbon Accountant for ConocoPhillips. |
Abstract
The international liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade is a growing sector in the global energy market driven, in part, by the transition from carbon-intensive energy sources such as coal and diesel to lower-carbon alternatives. The emergence of the ‘green LNG’ market, which involves offsetting emissions through carbon credits, highlights the industry’s shift towards sustainability. However, a critical challenge lies in estimating and managing emissions across the entire value chain, particularly in Scope 3 emissions, such as Upstream Transportation and Distribution (Category 4). This study employs a Monte Carlo model implemented in a hydrocarbon management system (EnergySys) to analyse greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with each stage of an LNG voyage from Gladstone Island, Australia, to Himeji, Japan. The analysis incorporates variables such as engine type, voyage duration, fuel consumption and methane slip. Results indicate that the cargo and ballast voyage stages are the largest contributors to total emissions, accounting for over 80% of the journey’s 4193 tCO2-e. This paper aims to support the understanding of GHG emissions across the various stages of the LNG voyage, providing a structured analytical approach that highlights key emission sources in LNG transportation.
Keywords: emissions, GHG, green cargo, green LNG, greenhouse gas, LNG, LNG projects, Monte Carlo, Scope 3.
Dr Fabio Terzini is the Chief Technology Officer for CarbonOptics, a joint venture between Elite Energy Consultants and Nexia Edwards Marshall, and has been supporting the delivery of specialised engineering and IT projects around the globe. Dr Terzini is a chemical engineer and holds a PhD in reservoir engineering from the University of Queensland in Australia. Prior to joining Elite Energy Consultants, Dr Terzini worked with Worley and Advisian on various large-scale projects in Australia, New Zealand and Brazil. Dr Terzini has also interest in hydrogen production, CCUS and greenhouse gas emissions. |
Justin Stirling is a Director for EnergySys Pty Ltd and has been supporting global customers and partners for over 5 years. Prior to joining EnergySys, Justin worked with Tieto on various large-scale projects in Australia and Asia as a Project Manager and Service Delivery Manager. |
Stuart Brown is the Enablement Director for EnergySys and has been supporting global customers and partners for over 12 years. Prior to joining EnergySys, Stuart worked with Tieto on various large-scale projects in Europe and as a Hydrocarbon Accountant for ConocoPhillips. |
