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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 24(1)

The association between self-reported traumatic brain injury, neuropsychological function, and compliance among people serving community sentences

Emily M. Norman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5685-6022 A * , Nicola J. Starkey A and Devon L. L. Polaschek A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A University of Waikato Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Hamilton, New Zealand

* Correspondence to: emacdona2000@yahoo.com

Brain Impairment 24(1) 69-85 https://doi.org/10.1017/BrImp.2021.15
Submitted: 9 February 2021  Accepted: 28 August 2021  Published: 4 October 2021

© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Australasian Society for the Study of Brain Impairment

Abstract

Background:

Traumatic brain injury is overrepresented in incarcerated samples and has been linked to a number of poor correctional outcomes. Despite this, no research has explored the impact of a recent TBI on compliance outcomes for individuals serving community-based.

Method:

We screened for a history of TBI in 106 adults on community sentences and collected compliance (arrests, sentence violations) and related variables (e.g., risk scores, substance use) over 6 months. Sixty-four participants also completed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), the Comprehensive Trail Making Test and Color-Word Inference Test.

Results:

A TBI in the last year predicted a significantly higher likelihood of arrest, even when controlling for risk of reconviction and current substance use, but was not associated with non-compliance with sentence conditions nor with performance on the neuropsychological tests. In addition, no significant associations were found between performance on neuropsychological tests and measures of non-compliance.

Conclusions:

TBI in the last year was an independent predictor of arrest. This result suggests that those with a recent TBI on a community sentence may need additional monitoring or support to reduce the risk of reoffending.

Keywords: Offenders, Probation, Community sentence, Recidivism, Compliance, Neuropsychological assessment.

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