Systematics and biogeography of Spinoctenus, a new genus of wandering spider from Colombia (Ctenidae)
Nicolas A. Hazzi A B C H , Daniele Polotow D E , Antonio D. Brescovit F , Ranulfo González-Obando A and Miguel Simó G
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia.
B Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States.
C Fundacion Ecotonos, Cra 72 No. 13A-56, Cali, Colombia.
D Arachnology Laboratory, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
E Museu de Zoologia “Adão José Cardoso”, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Charles Darwin s/n, Bloco N - Cx Postal 6109, 13.083-863, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
F Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
G Sección Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, CP11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
H Corresponding author. Email: nicolashazzi@hotmail.com
Invertebrate Systematics 32(1) 111-158 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS17022
Submitted: 24 July 2016 Accepted: 25 June 2017 Published: 1 February 2018
Abstract
Among ctenid spiders, ctenines comprise the most diverse subfamily. In this study, a new genus of Cteninae, Spinoctenus, is proposed to include the type species S. yotoco, sp. nov. Ten new species are also described: S. escalerete, S. pericos, S. eberhardi, S. spinosus, S. stephaniae, S. nambi, S. florezi, S. tequendama, S. chocoensis and S. flammigerus. Results of the parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses using morphological and behavioural characters indicate the monophyly of this genus, closely related to Phoneutria Perty, 1883 and Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805. This genus can be distinguished from the remaining Ctenidae by three unambiguous synapomorphies: embolus with folded process, tegulum with median process, and RTA curved internally close to the cymbium. A dispersal-vicariance biogeographical analysis of the genus in the Andean and Chocó regions indicates the origin of Spinoctenus in the Western and Central Andean Cordilleras. From this region, three events of dispersal occurred to the other regions (one to the Chocó and two to the Eastern Cordillera), which were subsequently followed by three events of vicariance, suggesting that dispersal and vicariance were equally important in shaping the current distribution patterns of Spinoctenus species. The discovery of this new genus containing a large number of new species in the Andean and Chocó regions highlights the current poor knowledge of the Colombian biodiversity.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A7DA044C-8A59-4FAE-8F3B-00D3D2498820
Additional keywords: Andes, Araneae, cloud forest, Ctenus, Phoneutria, tropical rainforest, vicariance and dispersion.
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