This systematic review evaluates dietary supplements – probiotics, prebiotics, vitamins, and minerals – for preventing and controlling bovine respiratory disease (BRD), highlighting their potential to improve respiratory health and immune response in beef cattle under intensive and semi-intensive management.

Polyspermy is a major problem during in vitro fertilization of pigs, and microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from female reproductive cells may have a beneficial role on sperm function and embryo development. The role of miRNA-21-5p on the in vitro fertilization and embryo development of pigs is still unclear. Our findings found that miRNA-21-5p inhibitor could enhance the development of porcine embryos.