Register      Login
The Rangeland Journal The Rangeland Journal Society
Journal of the Australian Rangeland Society
RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Can dingoes increase graziers’ profits and help maintain Australia’s rangelands?

G. Campbell A , A. Emmott B , D. Pollock C and B. J. Traill D *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Claravale Station, Mitchell, QLD, 4465, Australia.

B Noonbah Station, Longreach, QLD, 4730, Australia.

C Wooleen Station, Murchison, WA, 6630, Australia.

D Landholders for Dingoes, PO Box 31, Maleny, QLD, 4552, Australia.

* Correspondence to: barry@cana.net.au

The Rangeland Journal 44(3) 129-135 https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ22002
Submitted: 9 January 2022  Accepted: 17 June 2022   Published: 9 July 2022

© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Australian Rangeland Society. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Australia’s largest land carnivore, the dingo, has been targeted by control programs in many agricultural landscapes since European settlement because of the judgement that dingoes cause costs to producers through the killing of livestock. As Australian pastoralists, we challenge the assumption that dingoes will only cause costs to producers. Based on our personal experiences and from research, we provide an alternative view, namely that in certain circumstances, there are major economic and ecological benefits of maintaining dingoes in grazing landscapes by controlling the unmanaged grazing pressure. As cattle producers, we have obtained significant financial gains for our family businesses, and environmental benefits on our properties by maintaining dingoes. Dingoes greatly reduce high-density populations of larger kangaroo species and some feral animals, especially goats. Such unmanaged grazing is persistently identified as a major factor in landscape degradation across large areas of Australian rangelands. The Australian pastoral industry as a whole, and the government departments that support it, need to evaluate, consider and discuss the economic and ecological benefits as well as the costs of maintaining dingoes in Australian pastoral landscapes.

Keywords: commercial beef cattle enterprises, dingo ecology, dingoes, ecological benefits, economic benefits, feral goats, grazing pressure, herbivores, kangaroos, land management, over-grazing, pastoral enterprises, profits, profitability, rangeland management.


References

Allen, LR (2014). Wild dog control impacts on calf wastage in extensive beef cattle enterprises. Animal Production Science 54, 214–220.
Wild dog control impacts on calf wastage in extensive beef cattle enterprises.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Allen, LR (2015). Demographic and functional responses of wild dogs to poison baiting. Ecological Management & Restoration 16, 58–66.
Demographic and functional responses of wild dogs to poison baiting.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Allen, LR (2016). Is landscape-scale wild dog control the best practice? Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 24, 5–15.
Is landscape-scale wild dog control the best practice?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Allen, BL, Allen, LR, Michael, G, and Buckman, M (2020). Elucidating dingo’s ecological roles: contributions from the Pelorus Island feral goat biocontrol project. Australian Zoologist 41, 374–387.
Elucidating dingo’s ecological roles: contributions from the Pelorus Island feral goat biocontrol project.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Atkinson, T, Hacker, RB, Melville, GJ, and Reseigh, J (2019). Land managers’ and service providers’ perspectives on the magnitude, impact and management of non-domestic grazing pressure in the southern rangelands of Australia. The Rangeland Journal 41, 461–476.
Land managers’ and service providers’ perspectives on the magnitude, impact and management of non-domestic grazing pressure in the southern rangelands of Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Australian Wool Innovation (2020) National Wild Dog Action Plan 2020-2030. Available at https://wilddogplan.org.au

Banks, PB (2021). An eco-evolutionary rationale to distinguish alien and native status: why the dingo is a native species on mainland Australia. Australian Zoologist 41, 358–366.
An eco-evolutionary rationale to distinguish alien and native status: why the dingo is a native species on mainland Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Cairns, KM, Crowther, MS, Nesbitt, B, and Letnic, M (2021). The myth of wild dogs in Australia: are there any out there? Australian Mammalogy 44, 67–75.
The myth of wild dogs in Australia: are there any out there?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Campbell, G, Coffey, A, Miller, H, Read, J, Brook, A, Fleming, P, Bird, P, Eldridge, S, and Allen, B (2018). Dingo baiting did not reduce fetal/calf loss in beef cattle in northern South Australia. Animal Production Science 59, 319–330.
Dingo baiting did not reduce fetal/calf loss in beef cattle in northern South Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Caughley, G, Grigg, GC, Caughley, J, and Hill, GJE (1980). Does dingo predation control the densities of kangaroos and emus? Australian Wildlife Research 7, 1–12.
Does dingo predation control the densities of kangaroos and emus?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Corbett L (2001) ‘The Dingo in Australia and Asia.’ (University of NSW Press: Sydney, NSW)

Crowther, MS, Fillios, M, Colman, N, and Letnic, M (2014). An updated description of the Australian dingo (Canis dingo Meyer, 1793). Journal of Zoology 293, 192–203.
An updated description of the Australian dingo (Canis dingo Meyer, 1793).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Estes, JA, Terborgh, J, Brashares, JS, et al. (2011). Trophic downgrading of planet Earth. Science 333, 301–306.
Trophic downgrading of planet Earth.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21764740PubMed |

Forsyth, DM, Latham, ADM, Davis, NE, Caley, P, Letnic, M, Moloney, PD, Woodford, LP, and Woolnough, AP (2018). Interactions between dingoes and introduced wild ungulates: concepts, evidence and knowledge gaps. Australian Mammalogy 41, 12–26.
Interactions between dingoes and introduced wild ungulates: concepts, evidence and knowledge gaps.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hacker, RB, and McDonald, SE (2021). Prospects for sustainable use of the pastoral areas of Australia’s southern rangelands: a synthesis. The Rangeland Journal 43, 185–209.
Prospects for sustainable use of the pastoral areas of Australia’s southern rangelands: a synthesis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Jackson, SM, Groves, CP, Fleming, PJS, Aplin, KP, Eldridge, MDB, Gonzalez, A, and Helgen, KM (2017). The wayward dog: is the Australian native dog or dingo a distinct species? Zootaxa 4317, 201–224.
The wayward dog: is the Australian native dog or dingo a distinct species?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Kreplins, TL, Gaynor, A, Kennedy, MS, Baudains, CM, Adams, P, Bateman, PW, and Fleming, PA (2019). What to call a dog? A review of the common names for Australian free-ranging dogs. Pacific Conservation Biology 25, 124–134.
What to call a dog? A review of the common names for Australian free-ranging dogs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Landholders for Dingoes (2021) Personal case-studies from graziers. Available at https://landholdersfordingoes.org/grazier-case-studies-dingoes-in-the-landscape/

Letnic, M, Koch, F, Gordon, C, Crowther, MS, and Dickman, CR (2009). Keystone effects of an alien top-predator stem extinctions of native mammals. Proceedings of Royal Society B. Biological Sciences 276, 3249–3256.
Keystone effects of an alien top-predator stem extinctions of native mammals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Meat & Livestock Australia (2022) Website advisory on managing dingoes. Available at https://www.mla.com.au/research-and-development/pest-management/wild-dogs/# [Accessed 2 January 2022]

Newsome, AE, Catling, PC, Cooke, BD, and Smyth, R (2001). Two ecological universes separated by the dingo barrier fence in semi-arid Australia: interactions between landscapes, herbivory and carnivory, with and without dingoes. The Rangeland Journal 23, 71–98.
Two ecological universes separated by the dingo barrier fence in semi-arid Australia: interactions between landscapes, herbivory and carnivory, with and without dingoes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Parkes J, Henzell R, Pickles G (1996) ‘Managing Vertebrate Pests: Feral Goats.’ (Bureau of Resource Sciences and Australian Nature Conservation Agency, Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra, ACT, Australia)

Pople T, Froese J (2012) Distribution, abundance and harvesting of feral goats in the Australian rangelands 1984-2011. Final report to the Australian Collaborative Rangelands Information System Management Committee. Queensland Government, Qld, Australia.

Pople, AR, Grigg, GC, Cairns, SC, Beard, LA, and Alexander, P (2000). Trends in the numbers of red kangaroos and emus on either side of the South Australian dingo fence: evidence for predator regulation? Wildlife Research 27, 269–276.
Trends in the numbers of red kangaroos and emus on either side of the South Australian dingo fence: evidence for predator regulation?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Prowse, TAA, O’Connor, PJ, Collard, SJ, and Rogers, DJ (2019). Eating away at protected areas: Total grazing pressure is undermining public land conservation. Global Ecology and Conservation 20, e00754.
Eating away at protected areas: Total grazing pressure is undermining public land conservation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Read, L, Coulson, G, Radford, JQ, and Wilson, GR (2021). Special Issue: optimum management of overabundant macropod. Ecological Restoration and Management. 22, 1–192.

Reddiex, B, Forsyth, DM, McDonald-Madden, E, Einoder, LD, Griffioen, PA, Chick, RR, and Robley, AJ (2006). Control of pest mammals for biodiversity protection in Australia. I. Patterns of control and monitoring. Wildlife Research 33, 691–709.
Control of pest mammals for biodiversity protection in Australia. I. Patterns of control and monitoring.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Ritchie, EG, and Johnson, CN (2009). Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity conservation. Ecological Letters 12, 982–998.
Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity conservation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

van Bommel, L, and Johnson, CN (2012). Good dog! Using livestock guardian dogs to protect livestock from predators in Australia’s extensive grazing systems. Wildlife Research 39, 220–229.
Good dog! Using livestock guardian dogs to protect livestock from predators in Australia’s extensive grazing systems.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

van Eeden, LM, Crowther, MS, Dickman, CR, Macdonald, DW, Ripple, WJ, Ritchie, EG, and Newsome, TM (2018). Managing conflict between large carnivores and livestock. Conservation Biology 32, 26–34.
Managing conflict between large carnivores and livestock.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28556528PubMed |

van Eeden, LM, Smith, BP, Crowther, MS, Dickman, CR, and Newsome, TM (2019). The dingo menace’: an historic survey on graziers’ management of an Australian carnivore. Pacific Conservation Biology 25, 245–256.
The dingo menace’: an historic survey on graziers’ management of an Australian carnivore.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

van Eeden, LM, Crowther, MS, Dickman, CR, and Newsome, TM (2021). Wicked 'wild dogs': Australian public awareness of and attitudes towards dingoes and dingo management. Australian Zoologist 41, 467–479.
Wicked 'wild dogs': Australian public awareness of and attitudes towards dingoes and dingo management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wallach, A, Ramp, D, and O’Neill, D (2017). Cattle mortality on a predator-friendly station in central Australia. Journal of Mammalogy 98, 45–52.
Cattle mortality on a predator-friendly station in central Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Western Australian Wild Dog Action Group (2016) Western Australian Wild Dog Action Plan 2016-2021. Available at https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/invasive-species/western-australian-wild-dog-action-plan-2016-2021