Effects of crop rotation on properties of a Vietnam clay soil under rice-based cropping systems in small-scale farmers’ fields
Tran Ba Linh A B D , Vo Thi Guong A , Vo Thi Thu Tran A , Le Van Khoa A , Daniel Olk C and Wim M. Cornelis B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Soil Science, Can Tho University, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho city, Vietnam.
B Department of Soil Management, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
C USDA-ARS, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, 2110 University Blvd Ames, IA 50011, USA.
D Corresponding author. Email: tblinh@ctu.edu.vn
Soil Research 55(2) 162-171 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR16123
Submitted: 10 May 2016 Accepted: 23 August 2016 Published: 3 October 2016
Abstract
In tropical deltas, intensive monoculture with three rice crops per year (RRR) has been the standard for decades. However, in recent years some farmers have started rice-based rotations with one or more upland crops per year. The trends for increased grain yields with this new system raises the question as to whether the introduction of upland crops affects properties of alluvial clay paddy soil. This was evaluated in the present study, which was performed at 40 paddy fields in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta under four different cropping systems (10 farms per system) on paddy rice soils: RRR; crop rotation with two rice crops and one upland crop per year (RUR); crop rotation with one rice and two upland crops per year (RUU); and upland crop (UUU). Soil samples were collected at depths of 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm. Most soil properties differed significantly between the RRR and the RUR, RUU or UUU. The RUR, RUU and UUU systems alleviated soil compaction, resulting in reduced penetration resistance and bulk density and increased total and macroporosity at 20–30 cm depth. In addition, aggregate stability index and plant-available water capacity were higher for RUR, RUU and UUU compared with RRR at the 20–30 cm depth. Average soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks ranged from 59.3 t ha–1 in UUU to 72.3 t ha–1 in RUR, with SOC stocks in RRR and RUU being intermediate (66.4 and 68.3 t ha–1) and not significantly different to that of the RUR system. Carbon hydrolysable by HCl (Chydrolysable) was 74–84% greater in the RUR, RUU and UUU than in RRR systems. In conclusion, rice–upland crop systems may alleviate soil degradation resulting from continuous rice monoculture.
Additional keywords: paddy, soil properties.
References
Anderson SH, Gantzer CJ, Brown JR (1990) Soil physical properties after 100 years of continuous cultivation. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 45, 117–121.Blake GR, Hartge KH (1986) Particle density. In ‘Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods’. 2nd edn. Agronomy Monograph 9. (Ed. A Klute) pp. 363–375. (American Society of Agronomy: Madison, WI)
Carter MR (1990) Relative measures of soil bulk density to characterize compaction in tillage studies on fine sandy loams. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, 425–433.
| Relative measures of soil bulk density to characterize compaction in tillage studies on fine sandy loams.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cassman KG, Olk DC, Dobermann A (1997) Scientific evidence of yield and productivity declines in irrigated rice systems of tropical Asia. International Rice Commission Newsletter 46, 7–18.
Cornelis WM, Khlosi M, Hartmann R, Van Meirvenne M, De Vos B (2005) Comparison of unimodal analytical expressions for the soil–water retention curve. Soil Science Society of America Journal 69, 1902–1911.
| Comparison of unimodal analytical expressions for the soil–water retention curve.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1WrurnE&md5=de0e6bf32ed7396895b5c3119f112f8fCAS |
Cotching WE, Cooper J, Sparrow LA, McCorkell BE, Rowley W, Hawkins K (2002) Effect of agricultural management on Vertisols in Tasmania. Australian Journal of Soil Research 40, 1267–1286.
| Effect of agricultural management on Vertisols in Tasmania.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
de Leenheer L, de Boodt M (1959) Determination of aggregate stability by the change in mean weight diameter. Mededelingen van landbouwhogeschool en de opzoekingstations van de staat te Gent 24, 290–300.
Diana G, Beni C, Marconi S (2008) Organic and mineral fertilization: effects on physical characteristics and boron dynamic in an agricultural soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 39, 1332–1351.
| Organic and mineral fertilization: effects on physical characteristics and boron dynamic in an agricultural soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXltFyhs7g%3D&md5=bfe58d98ab6a916612e6bee63a688aadCAS |
Dirksen C 1999. ‘Soil physics measurements.’ (Catena Verlag: Reiskirchen, Germany)
Drewry JJ, Paton RJ (2005) Soil physical quality under cattle grazing of a winter-fed brassica crop. Australian Journal of Soil Research 43, 525–531.
| Soil physical quality under cattle grazing of a winter-fed brassica crop.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dung TV, Diep CN, Vien DM, Guong VT, Dominguez P, Merckx R, Springael D (2010) Diversity of the Actinomycetes community colonizing rice straw residues in cultured soil undergoing various crop rotation systems in Mekong Delta of Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development 1, 104–114. [In Dutch]
Dwivedi BS, Shukla AK, Singh VK, Yadav RL (2001) Results of participatory diagnosis of constraints and opportunities (PDCO) based trials from the state of Uttar Pradesh. In ‘Development of farmers’ resource-based integrated plant nutrient supply systems: experience of a FAO–ICAR–IFFCO collaborative project and AICRP on soil test crop response correlation’. (Eds A Subba Rao, S Srivastava) pp. 50–75. (IISS: Bhopal, India)
Ekwue EI (1990) Organic-matter effects on soil strength properties. Soil & Tillage Research 16, 289–297.
| Organic-matter effects on soil strength properties.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
FAO (2014) World reference base for soil resources by IUSS–FAO. World Soil Resources Report No. 106, Rome, Italy.
Farooq M, Siddique KHM, Rehman H, Aziz T, Wahid A, Lee D (2011) Rice direct seeding experiences and challenges. Soil & Tillage Research 111, 87–98.
| Rice direct seeding experiences and challenges.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gantzer CJ, Blake GR (1978) Physical characteristics of Le Sueur clay loam soil following no-till and conventional tillage. Agronomy Journal 70, 853–857.
| Physical characteristics of Le Sueur clay loam soil following no-till and conventional tillage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gee GW, Bauder JW (1986) Particle size analysis. In ‘Methods of soil analysis. Part 2’. 2nd edn. Agronomy Monograph 9. (Ed. A Klute) pp. 383–411. (American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America: Madison, WI)
Ghidey F, Alberts EE (1997) Plant root effects on soil erodibility, splash detachment, soil strength, and aggregate stability. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 40, 129–135.
| Plant root effects on soil erodibility, splash detachment, soil strength, and aggregate stability.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gillman GP (1979) A proposed method or the measurement of exchange properties of highly weathered soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research 17, 129–139.
| A proposed method or the measurement of exchange properties of highly weathered soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXkvFShsLo%3D&md5=4d5115ace0c1002f3e7317e3fc365677CAS |
Gomez KA, Gomez AA (1984) ‘Statistical procedures for agricultural research.’ (John Wiley and Sons: New York, NY)
Grossman RB, Reinsch TG (2002) Bulk density and linear extensibility. In ‘Methods of soil analysis. Part 4. Physical methods’. (Eds JH Dane, GC Topp) pp. 201–228. (Soil Science Society of America: Madison, WI)
Guo LB, Gifford RM (2002) Soil carbon stocks and land use change: a meta analysis. Global Change Biology 8, 345–360.
| Soil carbon stocks and land use change: a meta analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Guong VT, Vien DM, Nguyen HD, Dong NM (2010) ‘Improvement of soil fertility and rice yield of triple paddy soil inside dikes in Mekong Delta.’ (Can Tho University Publishing House: Can Tho, Vietnam) [in Vietnamese]
Haynes RJ (2000) Interactions between soil organic matter status, cropping history, method of quantification and sample pretreatment and their effects on measured aggregate stability. Biology and Fertility of Soils 30, 270–275.
| Interactions between soil organic matter status, cropping history, method of quantification and sample pretreatment and their effects on measured aggregate stability.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hillel D (2004) ‘Introduction to soil physics.’ (Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA)
IBM Corporation (2011) IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 20.0., Armonk, NY.
Ishaq MI, Lal R (2002) Tillage effects on soil properties at different levels of fertilizer application in Punjab, Pakistan. Soil & Tillage Research 68, 93–99.
| Tillage effects on soil properties at different levels of fertilizer application in Punjab, Pakistan.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jones RJA, Spoor G, Thomasson AJ (2003) Vulnerability of subsoils in Europe to compaction: a preliminary analysis. Soil & Tillage Research 73, 131–143.
| Vulnerability of subsoils in Europe to compaction: a preliminary analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kaneta Y, Kodama T, Naganoma H (1989) Characteristics of the rice plant’s nitrogen-uptake patterns in rotational paddy fields: effect of paddy–upland rotation management on the productivity of rice in Hachirogata reclaimed fields (Part I). Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 60, 127–133.
Khan MS, Khan TH, Islam A, Ullah MS, Shaha RR (1998) Effect of alternate tillage practices on rooting characteristics of wheat under rice-wheat cropping sequence. Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture 7, 111–118.
Khoa LV (2002) Physical fertility of typical Mekong Delta soils (Vietnam) and land suitability assessment for alternative crops with rice cultivation. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Ghent University.
Kundu DK, Ladha JK, Lapitan-de-Guzman E (1996) Tillage depth influence on soil nitrogen distribution and availability in a rice lowland. Soil Science Society of America Journal 60, 1153–1159.
| Tillage depth influence on soil nitrogen distribution and availability in a rice lowland.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xktl2qsbw%3D&md5=4f7500375e10aab31b9eab30b4db029eCAS |
Lal R, Shukla MK (2004) ‘Principles of soil physics.’ (Marcel Dekker Inc.: New York, NY)
Linh TB, Cornelis W, Van Elsacker S, Khoa LV (2014) Socio-economic evaluation on how crop rotations on clayey soils affect rice yield and farmers’ income in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Development 14, 62–68.
Linh TB, Sleutel S, Guong VT, Khoa LV, Cornelis WM (2015) Deeper tillage and root growth in annual rice–upland cropping systems result in improved rice yield and economic profit relative to rice monoculture. Soil & Tillage Research 154, 44–52.
| Deeper tillage and root growth in annual rice–upland cropping systems result in improved rice yield and economic profit relative to rice monoculture.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mahboubi AA, Lal R, Fausey NR (1993) Twenty-eight years of tillage effect on two soils in Ohio. Soil Science Society of America Journal 57, 506–512.
| Twenty-eight years of tillage effect on two soils in Ohio.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mandal KG, Kannan K, Thakur AK, Kundu DK, Brahmanand PS, Kumar A (2014) Performance of rice systems, irrigation and organic carbon storage. Cereal Research Communications 42, 346–358.
| Performance of rice systems, irrigation and organic carbon storage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXht1ant77N&md5=ca0aeeb2c0bebed8cd29ec3fb1cdc40dCAS |
Nguyen HD (2010) Present mono rice crop systems of fluvial soil inside dikes at Cho Moi district – An Giang province. MSc Thesis, Can Tho University, Can Tho city, Vietnam. [In Vietnamese]
Norman RJ, Wilson CE Jr, Slaton NA (2003) Soil fertilization and mineral nutrition in U.S. mechanized rice culture. In ‘Rice: origin, history, technology, and production’. (Eds CW Smith, RH Dilday) pp. 331–411. (John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ)
Olk DC, Cassman KG, Randall EW, Kinchesh P, Sanger LJ, Anderson JM (1996) Changes in chemical properties of organic matter with intensified rice cropping in tropical lowland soil. European Journal of Soil Science 47, 293–303.
| Changes in chemical properties of organic matter with intensified rice cropping in tropical lowland soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XntVemtLg%3D&md5=4906a2a596e9080240df088fd8dd0741CAS |
Olk DC, Anders MM, Filley TR, Isbell C (2009a) Crop nitrogen uptake and soil phenols accumulation under continuous rice cropping in Arkansas. Soil Science Society of America Journal 73, 952–960.
| Crop nitrogen uptake and soil phenols accumulation under continuous rice cropping in Arkansas.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXlsFylsb4%3D&md5=e4db896984117ab7634cdd8c651d5cd7CAS |
Olk DC, Jimenez RR, Moscoso E, Gapas P (2009b) Phenol accumulation in a young humic fraction following anaerobic decomposition of rice crop residues. Soil Science Society of America Journal 73, 943–951.
| Phenol accumulation in a young humic fraction following anaerobic decomposition of rice crop residues.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXlsFylsLc%3D&md5=0de8a4f0039f3d1b9a7d5aba29d33313CAS |
Pulleman MM, Bouma J, van Essen EA, Meijles EW (2000) Soil organic matter content as a function of different land use history. Soil Science Society of America Journal 64, 689–693.
| Soil organic matter content as a function of different land use history.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXms1eqt7o%3D&md5=5a2bc9bd22acaa8051b6ed556acb7386CAS |
Rayment GE, Higginson FR (1992) ‘Australian laboratory handbook of soil and water chemical methods. Australian soil and land survey handbook Vol. 3.’ (Inkata Press: Melbourne)
Reynolds WD, Yang XM, Drury CF, Zhang TQ, Tan CS (2003) Effects of selected conditioners and tillage on the physical quality of a clay loam soil. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 83, 381–393.
| Effects of selected conditioners and tillage on the physical quality of a clay loam soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXotFyqsb0%3D&md5=057c7dd14b95ac2476d876a24a6b46fdCAS |
Reynolds WD, Drury CF, Yang XM, Fox CA, Tan CS, Zhang TQ (2007) Land management effects on the near-surface physical quality of a clay loam soil. Soil & Tillage Research 96, 316–330.
| Land management effects on the near-surface physical quality of a clay loam soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Scott HD, Mauromoustakos A, Handayani IP, Miller DM (1994) Temporal variability of selected properties of Loessial soil as affected by cropping. Soil Science Society of America Journal 58, 1531–1538.
| Temporal variability of selected properties of Loessial soil as affected by cropping.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Silveira ML, Comerford NB, Reddy KR, Cooper WT, El-Rifai H (2008) Characterization of soil organic carbon pools by acid hydrolysis. Geoderma 144, 405–414.
| Characterization of soil organic carbon pools by acid hydrolysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXitl2jt70%3D&md5=923bea28b71fe71c1365ebe3321efcf5CAS |
Soil Survey Staff (1998) ‘Keys to soil taxonomy.’ 8th edn (Natural Resources Conservation Service, US Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC)
Vomocil JA (1965) Porosity. In ‘Methods of soil analysis. Part 1’. Agronomy Monograph 9. (Ed. CA Black) pp. 300–314. (American Society of Agronomy: Madison, WI)
Walkley A, Black IA (1934) An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science 37, 29–38.
| An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaA2cXitlGmug%3D%3D&md5=228f3c4b336b2a210f0fcda1e493832aCAS |
Xu Y, Chen W, Shen Q (2007) Soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools impacted by long-term tillage and fertilization practices. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 38, 347–357.
| Soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools impacted by long-term tillage and fertilization practices.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXisFCrtrg%3D&md5=dc0675ce0ce6ef9d8fdaa4e0f22be9b2CAS |
Xuan DT, Guong VT, Rosling A, Alstrom S, Chai B, Hogberg N (2012) Different crop rotation systems as drivers of change in soil bacterial community structure and yield of rice, Oryza sativa. Biology and Fertility of Soils 48, 217–225.
| Different crop rotation systems as drivers of change in soil bacterial community structure and yield of rice, Oryza sativa.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
