References

Bai, Y. F., Han, X. G., Wu, J. G., Chen, Z. Z., and Li, L. H. (2004). Ecosystem stability and compensatory effects in the inner Mongolia grassland. Nature 431, 181–184.
| CrossRef | CAS |

Banai, R. (2005). Land resource sustainability for urban development: spatial decision support system prototype. Environmental Management 36, 282–296.
| CrossRef |

Banks, T., Richard, C., Li, P., and Yan, Z. L. (2003). Community-based grassland management in Western China: rationale, pilot project experience, and policy implications. Mountain Research and Development 23, 132–140.
| CrossRef |

Brown, S., and Shrestha, B. (2000). Market-driven land-use dynamics in the middle mountains of Nepal. Journal of Environmental Management 59, 217–225.
| CrossRef |

Chen, M. J., and Jia, S. X. (2002). ‘The Fodder Plants of China.’ (Chinese Agriculture Press: Beijing.) [In Chinese with English abstract]

Chen, D. J., Cheng, G. D., Xu, Z. M., and Zhang, Z. Q. (2004). Ecological footprint of the Chinese population, environment and development. Environmental Conservation 31, 63–68.
| CrossRef |

Enright, N. J., Miller, B. P., and Akhter, R. (2005). Desert vegetation and vegetation environment relationships in Kirthar National Park, Sindh, Pakistan. Journal of Arid Environments 61, 397–418.
| CrossRef |

Graymore, M. L. M., Sipe, N. G., and Rickson, R. E. (2008). Regional sustainability: how useful are current tools of sustainability assessment at the regional scale? Ecological Economics 67, 362–372.
| CrossRef |

Haberl, H., Erb, K. H., and Krausmann, F. (2001). How to calculate and interpret ecological footprints for long periods of time: the case of Australia 1926–1995. Ecological Economics 38, 25–45.
| CrossRef |

Holmberg, J., Lundqvist, U., Robert, K. H., and Wackernagel, M. (1999). The ecological footprint from a systems perspective of sustainability. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 6, 17–33.
| CrossRef |

Huang, Q., Wang, R. H., Ren, Z. Y., Li, J., and Zhang, H. Z. (2007). Regional ecological security assessment based on long periods of ecological footprint analysis. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 51, 24–41.
| CrossRef |

International Cooperation Committee of Environment and Development of China (2008). China ecological footprint report (Part a). World Environment 5, 52–55.

Kazim, A. M. (2007). Assessments of primary energy consumption and its environmental consequences in the United Arab Emirates. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 11, 426–446.
| CrossRef |

Kitzes, J., and Wackernagel, M. (2009). Answers to common questions in Ecological Footprint accounting. Ecological Indicators 9, 812–817.
| CrossRef |

Kitzes, J., Wackernagel, M., Loh, J., Peller, A., Goldfinger, S., Cheng, D., and Tea, K. (2008). Shrink and share: humanity’s present and future ecological footprint. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences 363, 467–475.
| CrossRef |

Li, J. L. (1996). A study on dynamic monitoring and controlling of forage livestock balance in Fukang, Xinjiang. Forage Livestock S1, 32–35.

Lin, G. C. S., and Ho, S. P. S. (2003). China’s land resources and land-use change: insights from the 1996 land survey. Land Use Policy 20, 87–107.
| CrossRef |

Peters, D. P. C., and Herrick, J. E. (2001). Modelling vegetation change and land degradation in semi-arid and arid ecosystems: an integrated hierarchical approach. Advances in Environmental Monitoring and Modelling 2, 1–29.

Robinson, S., and Milner-Gulland, E. J. (2003). Political change and factors limiting numbers of wild and domestic ungulates in Kazakhstan. Human Ecology 31, 87–110.
| CrossRef |

Schaefer, F., Luksch, U., Steinbach, N., Cabeça, J., and Hanauer, J. (2006). ‘Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity: the World’s Ability to Regenerate Resources and Absorb Waste in a Limited Time Period.’ (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities: Luxembourg.)

Shen, L., Cheng, S. K., Gunson, A. J., and Wan, H. (2005). Urbanization, sustainability and the utilization of energy and mineral resources in China. Cities 22, 287–302.
| CrossRef |

Shore, W. B. (2006). Land-use, transportation and sustainability. Technology in Society 28, 27–43.
| CrossRef |

Venetoulis, J., and Talberth, J. (2005). Sustainability Indicators Program. Ecological Footprint of Nations 2005 UPDATE. Available at: www.ecologicalfootprint.org/pdf/Footprint%20of%20Nations%202005.pdf

Wackernagel, M., and Yount, J. D. (1998). The ecological footprint: an indicator of progress toward regional sustainability. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 51, 511–529.
| CrossRef |

Weltz, M. A., and Dunn, G. (2003). Ecological sustainability of rangelands. Arid Land Research and Management 17, 369–388.
| CrossRef |

Wen, J., Xiong, H. G., and Chang, C. H. (2006). The urbanization levels of some main cities in Xinjiang and their development countermeasures. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment 20, 102–110.

Wiedmann, T., and Barrett, J. (2010). A review of the ecological footprint indicator? Perceptions and methods. Sustainability 2, 1645–1693.
| CrossRef |

Xinjiang Statistic Bureau (1981–2007). ‘Xinjiang Statistic Almanac.’ (China Statistic Press: Beijing.) [In Chinese with English note]

Zhao, L. H., and Xu, J. P. (2007). Forecast model of ecological footprint and its application to county cycle economy. World Journal of Modelling and Simulation 3, 10–19.

Zhao, W. Y., Li, J. L., and Qi, J. G. (2007). Changes in vegetation diversity and structure in response to heavy grazing pressure in the northern Tianshan Mountains, China. Journal of Arid Environments 68, 465–479.
| CrossRef |

Zhao, W. Y., Chen, Y. N., Li, J. L., and Jia, G. S. (2010). Periodicity of plant yield and its response to precipitation in the steppe desert of the Tianshan Mountains region. Journal of Arid Environments 74, 445–449.
| CrossRef |