Register      Login
Environmental Chemistry Environmental Chemistry Society
Environmental problems - Chemical approaches
REVIEW

Nano-enabled agriculture: from nanoparticles to smart nanodelivery systems

Xiaoping Xin A , Jonathan D. Judy B , Brent B. Sumerlin C and Zhenli He https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7761-2070 A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A University of Florida-IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.

B University of Florida-IFAS, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

C University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

D Corresponding author. Email: zhe@ufl.edu




Xiaoping Xin completed her MSc and PhD degree in Soil Science in 2017 at Southwest University. She is currently a PhD candidate at Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida. Her research interests include soil biochemistry and ecology, soil fertility, nanotoxicology and smart nanotechnology application in sustainable agriculture and environment.



Jonathan Judy is Assistant Professor of Soil and Water Chemistry in the Department of Soil and Water Sciences at the University of Florida. Prior to his current position, Dr Judy was a postdoctoral fellow at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial research Organization (CSIRO) in Adelaide, Australia. Dr Judy received his PhD in Soil Science from the University of Kentucky in 2013. Dr Judy’s research investigates the fate of contaminants (e.g. nanomaterials, metals, trace organics, microplastics, nutrients) and their effects on terrestrial biota and water quality.



Brent Sumerlin is the George Bergen Butler Professor of Polymer Chemistry at the University of Florida. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and was named a Kavli Fellow (Frontiers of Science, National Academies of Sciences). He has won a number of awards, including the Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow, NSF CAREER Award, ACS Leadership Development Award, Journal of Polymer Science Innovation Award, Biomacromolecules/Macromolecules Young Investigator Award and the Hanwha-Total IUPAC Award. He is an associate editor of ACS Macro Letters.



Zhenli He is the Research Foundation Professor of Soil Environmental Chemistry and Associate Center Director at the Department of Soil and Water Sciences/Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida. He has authored/co-authored three books, 32 book chapters and 267 refereed journal articles; is a Fellow of the American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America; and a subject editor for the International Journal of Soils & Sediments. His research focuses on soil biogeochemistry of nutrients and contaminants, remediation of contaminated soil and water, and management of nutrients and wastes for sustainable agriculture.

Environmental Chemistry 17(6) 413-425 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN19254
Submitted: 10 September 2019  Accepted: 17 December 2019   Published: 24 March 2020

Environmental context. Nano-enabled agriculture holds the promise of enhancing crop production while reducing the environmental impacts of agrochemicals. We review recent developments in the use of nano-fertilisers, nano-additives, nano-pesticides, nano-sensors, nano-cleansers and nano-delivery systems in agriculture. The review highlights the need for systematic studies on nanotoxicity and the development of cost-effective and eco-friendly nanomaterials for future applications.

Abstract. To keep pace with the ever-increasing demand of world population (nearly 9.8 billion), worldwide food production will need to increase by 50 % by 2050. Nanotechnology innovations show great promise for combating this challenge by delivering a more sustainable, efficient and resilient agricultural system, while promoting food security. Further exploration of nanotechnology applications in agriculture is necessary to realise its potential in manufacturing innovative agrochemicals and novel delivery platforms to enhance crop production and quality. Here, we review the fundamentals of nanotechnology and focus on its potential in agricultural applications. Progress has been made in the development of nano-fertilisers, nano-additives, nano-pesticides, nano-herbicides, nano-bactericides, nano-cleansers and nano-sensors to improve agrochemical efficiency, reduce runoff, enhance plant growth, and diagnose plant nutrition deficiencies and diseases. In addition, nano-delivery systems have been designed to deliver effective components to targeted sites within a plant to provide potential solutions to some devastating crop diseases which cannot be effectively managed with conventional methods. However, nano-enabled agriculture is still in its infancy and its applications are mostly theoretical. Therefore, more research is needed to develop biodegradable, cost-effective and safe nanomaterials for future application. Moreover, systematic studies are crucial to safeguard our food production system, while making efforts to raise public awareness of nanotechnology.

Additional keywords: environmental quality, food safety, food security, nanotechnology, sustainable agriculture.


References

Adisa IO, Pullagurala VLR, Peralta-Videa JR, Dimkpa CO, Elmer WH, Gardea-Torresdey J, White J (2019). Recent advances in nano-enabled fertilizers and pesticides: a critical review of mechanisms of action. Environmental Science. Nano 6, 2002–2030.
Recent advances in nano-enabled fertilizers and pesticides: a critical review of mechanisms of actionCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Ahmad KS, Jaffri SB (2019). Carpogenic ZnO nanoparticles: amplified nanophotocatalytic and antimicrobial action. IET Nanobiotechnology 13, 150–159.
Carpogenic ZnO nanoparticles: amplified nanophotocatalytic and antimicrobial actionCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 31051445PubMed |

Andelkovic IB, Kabiri S, Tavakkoli E, Kirby JK, McLaughlin MJ, Losic D (2018). Graphene oxide-Fe (III) composite containing phosphate–A novel slow release fertilizer for improved agriculture management. Journal of Cleaner Production 185, 97–104.
Graphene oxide-Fe (III) composite containing phosphate–A novel slow release fertilizer for improved agriculture managementCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Asgari S, Moradi H, Afshari H (2018). Evaluation of some physiological and morphological characteristics of narcissus tazatta under BA treatment and nano-potassium fertilizer. Journal of Chemical Health Risks 4, 63–70.
Evaluation of some physiological and morphological characteristics of narcissus tazatta under BA treatment and nano-potassium fertilizerCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Ballabio C, Panagos P, Lugato E, Huang JH, Orgiazzi A, Jones A, Montanarella L (2018). Copper distribution in European topsoils: An assessment based on LUCAS soil survey. The Science of the Total Environment 636, 282–298.
Copper distribution in European topsoils: An assessment based on LUCAS soil surveyCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29709848PubMed |

Behboudi F, Sarvestani ZT, Kassaee MZ, Modares SAM (2018). Improving growth and yield of wheat under drought stress via application of sio2 nanoparticles. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 20, 1479–1492.

Bombo AB, Pereira AES, Lusa MG, de Medeiros Oliveira E, de Oliveira JL, Campos EVR, Mayer JLS (2019). A mechanistic view of interactions of a nanoherbicide with target organism. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67, 4453–4462.
A mechanistic view of interactions of a nanoherbicide with target organismCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30933503PubMed |

Borrelli P, Robinson DA, Fleischer LR, Lugato E, Ballabio C, Alewell C, Bagarello V (2017). An assessment of the global impact of 21st century land use change on soil erosion. Nature Communications 8, 2013
An assessment of the global impact of 21st century land use change on soil erosionCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29222506PubMed |

Calderón-Jiménez B, Johnson ME, Montoro Bustos AR, Murphy KE, Winchester MR, Vega Baudrit JR (2017). Silver nanoparticles: technological advances, societal impacts, and metrological challenges. Frontiers in Chemistry 5, 6
Silver nanoparticles: technological advances, societal impacts, and metrological challengesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28271059PubMed |

Cao L, Zhang H, Cao C, Zhang J, Li F, Huang Q (2016). Quaternized chitosan-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles as nanocarriers for controlled pesticide release. Nanomaterials 6, 126–139.
Quaternized chitosan-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles as nanocarriers for controlled pesticide releaseCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Cao L, Zhang H, Zhou Z, Xu C, Shan Y, Lin Y, Huang Q (2018). Fluorophore-free luminescent double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles as pesticide delivery vehicles. Nanoscale 10, 20354–20365.
Fluorophore-free luminescent double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles as pesticide delivery vehiclesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30376015PubMed |

Casaleggio Associate (2019). Market value of nanotechnology worldwide from 2010 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars) [Graph]. In Statista. Available at https://www.statista.com/statistics/1073886/global-market-value-nanotechnology/ [verified 1 December 2019]

Chen C, Sun W, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang P (2018a). Rational design of curcumin loaded multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles to enhance the cytotoxicity for targeted and controlled drug release. Materials Science and Engineering 85, 88–96.
Rational design of curcumin loaded multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles to enhance the cytotoxicity for targeted and controlled drug releaseCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29407161PubMed |

Chen D, Wang S, Yin L, Deng X (2018b). How does silicon mediate plant water uptake and loss under water deficiency?. Frontiers in Plant Science 9, 281
How does silicon mediate plant water uptake and loss under water deficiency?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29556247PubMed |

Chhipa H (2017). Nanofertilizers and nanopesticides for agriculture. Environmental Chemistry Letters 15, 15–22.
Nanofertilizers and nanopesticides for agricultureCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Chhipa H, Kaushik N (2015). Development of nano-bio-pesticide using iron and eucalyptus plant extract and their application in pest management. In ‘Conference proceeding of symposium on recent advances in biotechnology for food and fuel’. pp. 19–20. (TERI: New Delhi)

Choudhary RC, Kumari S, Kumaraswamy RV, Sharma G, Kumar A, Budhwar S, Biswas P (2019). Chitosan nanomaterials for smart delivery of bioactive compounds in agriculture. In ‘Nanoscale engineering in agricultural management’. (Ed. R Raliya) pp. 124–139. (CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL)

De La Cueva Bueno P, Gillerman L, Gehr R, Oron G (2017). Nanotechnology for sustainable wastewater treatment and use for agricultural production: A comparative long-term study. Water Research 110, 66–73.
Nanotechnology for sustainable wastewater treatment and use for agricultural production: A comparative long-term studyCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27992824PubMed |

De La Torre-Roche R, Hawthorne J, Deng Y, Xing B, Cai W, Newman LA, White JC (2013). Multiwalled carbon nanotubes and C60 fullerenes differentially impact the accumulation of weathered pesticides in four agricultural plants. Environmental Science & Technology 47, 12539–12547.
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes and C60 fullerenes differentially impact the accumulation of weathered pesticides in four agricultural plantsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Dehghani MH, Kamalian S, Shayeghi M, Yousefi M, Heidarinejad Z, Agarwal S, Gupta VK (2019). High-performance removal of diazinon pesticide from water using multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Microchemical Journal 145, 486–491.
High-performance removal of diazinon pesticide from water using multi-walled carbon nanotubesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Demirer GS, Zhang H, Matos JL, Goh NS, Cunningham FJ, Sung Y, Staskawicz B, Markita PL (2019). High aspect ratio nanomaterials enable delivery of functional genetic material without DNA integration in mature plants. Nature Nanotechnology 14, 456–464.
High aspect ratio nanomaterials enable delivery of functional genetic material without DNA integration in mature plantsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30804481PubMed |

Deshpande P, Dapkekar A, Oak M, Paknikar K, Rajwade J (2018). Nanocarrier-mediated foliar zinc fertilization influences expression of metal homeostasis related genes in flag leaves and enhances gluten content in durum wheat. PLoS One 13, e0191035
Nanocarrier-mediated foliar zinc fertilization influences expression of metal homeostasis related genes in flag leaves and enhances gluten content in durum wheatCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29342185PubMed |

Du J, Wang S, You H, Zhao X (2013). Understanding the toxicity of carbon nanotubes in the environment is crucial to the control of nanomaterials in producing and processing and the assessment of health risk for human: a review. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 36, 451–462.
Understanding the toxicity of carbon nanotubes in the environment is crucial to the control of nanomaterials in producing and processing and the assessment of health risk for human: a reviewCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23770455PubMed |

Duhan JS, Kumar R, Kumar N, Kaur P, Nehra K, Duhan S (2017). Nanotechnology: The new perspective in precision agriculture. Biotechnology Reports 15, 11–23.
Nanotechnology: The new perspective in precision agricultureCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28603692PubMed |

Ehrlich PR, Harte J (2015). Opinion: To feed the world in 2050 will require a global revolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112, 14743–14744.
Opinion: To feed the world in 2050 will require a global revolutionCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26627228PubMed |

Elizabath A, Bahadur V, Misra P, Prasad VM, Thomas T (2017). Effect of different concentrations of iron oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth and yield of carrot (Daucus carota L.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 6, 1266–1269.

Elmer W, White JC (2018). The future of nanotechnology in plant pathology. Annual Review of Phytopathology 56, 111–133.
The future of nanotechnology in plant pathologyCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30149792PubMed |

Eom T, Yoo W, Kim S, Khan A (2018). Biologically activatable azobenzene polymers targeted at drug delivery and imaging applications. Biomaterials 185, 333–347.
Biologically activatable azobenzene polymers targeted at drug delivery and imaging applicationsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30268898PubMed |

Fard JK, Jafari S, Eghbal MA (2015). A review of molecular mechanisms involved in toxicity of nanoparticles. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 5, 447–454.
A review of molecular mechanisms involved in toxicity of nanoparticlesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Feregrino-Pérez AA, Magaña-López E, Guzmán C, Esquivel K (2018). A general overview of the benefits and possible negative effects of the nanotechnology in horticulture. Scientia Horticulturae 238, 126–137.
A general overview of the benefits and possible negative effects of the nanotechnology in horticultureCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2018). Food outlook. Available at http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/en/ [verified 1 December 2019]

Gao H, Qin Y, Guo R, Wu Y, Qiu D, Fu Y (2018). Enhanced plant growth promoting role of mPEG‐PLGA‐based nanoparticles as an activator protein PeaT1 carrier in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 93, 3143–3151.
Enhanced plant growth promoting role of mPEG‐PLGA‐based nanoparticles as an activator protein PeaT1 carrier in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Ghormade V, Deshpande MV, Paknikar KM (2011). Perspectives for nano-biotechnology enabled protection and nutrition of plants. Biotechnology Advances 29, 792–803.
Perspectives for nano-biotechnology enabled protection and nutrition of plantsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21729746PubMed |

Goutam SP, Saxena G, Singh V, Yadav AK, Bharagava RN, Thapa KB (2018). Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using leaf extract of Jatropha curcas L. for photocatalytic degradation of tannery wastewater. Chemical Engineering Journal 336, 386–396.
Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using leaf extract of Jatropha curcas L. for photocatalytic degradation of tannery wastewaterCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Griffin S, Masood M, Nasim M, Sarfraz M, Ebokaiwe A, Schäfer KH, Jacob C (2018). Natural nanoparticles: A particular matter inspired by nature. Antioxidants 7, 3
Natural nanoparticles: A particular matter inspired by natureCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Haerizade BN, Ghavami M, Koohi M, Janitabar Darzi S, Rezaee N, Kassaee MZ (2018). Green removal of toxic Pb (II) from water by a novel and recyclable Ag/γ-Fe2O3@ r-GO nanocomposite. Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE) 37, 29–37.
Green removal of toxic Pb (II) from water by a novel and recyclable Ag/γ-Fe2O3@ r-GO nanocompositeCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hamdi H, De La Torre-Roche R, Hawthorne J, White JC (2015). Impact of non-functionalized and amino-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes on pesticide uptake by lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Nanotoxicology 9, 172–180.
Impact of non-functionalized and amino-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes on pesticide uptake by lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24716640PubMed |

Hazra C, Kundu D, Chatterjee A (2018). Stimuli-responsive nanocomposites for drug delivery. In ‘Applications of nanocomposite materials in drug delivery’. (Eds Inamuddin, AM Asiri, A Mohammad) pp. 823–841. (Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge)

Herlem G, Picaud F, Girardet C, Micheau O (2019). Carbon nanotubes: synthesis, characterization, and applications in drug-delivery systems. In ‘Nanocarriers for drug delivery’. (Eds SS Mohapatra, S Ranjan, N Dasgupta, RK Mishra, S Thomas) pp. 469–529. (Elsevier: New York, NY)

Hill MR, MacKrell EJ, Forsthoefel CP, Jensen SP, Chen M, Moore GA, He ZL, Sumerlin BS (2015). Biodegradable and pH-responsive nanoparticles designed for site-specific delivery in agriculture. Biomacromolecules 16, 1276–1282.
Biodegradable and pH-responsive nanoparticles designed for site-specific delivery in agricultureCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25756603PubMed |

Hladik ML, Kolpin DW (2016). First national-scale reconnaissance of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams across the USA. Environmental Chemistry 13, 12–20.
First national-scale reconnaissance of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams across the USACrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hollomon DW (2015). Fungicide resistance: facing the challenge – a review. Plant Protection Science 51, 170–176.
Fungicide resistance: facing the challenge – a reviewCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Huang P, Ma K, Cai X, Huang D, Yang X, Ran J, Jiang T (2017). Enhanced antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of zinc-incorporated organic-inorganic nanocomposite coatings via electrophoretic deposition. Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces 160, 628–638.
Enhanced antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of zinc-incorporated organic-inorganic nanocomposite coatings via electrophoretic depositionCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29031223PubMed |

Huong NT, Bo YS, Fahad S (2019). Economic impact of climate change on agriculture using Ricardian approach: A case of northwest Vietnam. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 18, 449–457.
Economic impact of climate change on agriculture using Ricardian approach: A case of northwest VietnamCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Iavicoli I, Leso V, Beezhold DH, Shvedova AA (2017). Nanotechnology in agriculture: Opportunities, toxicological implications, and occupational risks. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 329, 96–111.
Nanotechnology in agriculture: Opportunities, toxicological implications, and occupational risksCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28554660PubMed |

Jaffri SB, Ahmad KS (2018). Augmented photocatalytic, antibacterial and antifungal activity of prunosynthetic silver nanoparticles. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 46, 127–137.
Augmented photocatalytic, antibacterial and antifungal activity of prunosynthetic silver nanoparticlesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29228870PubMed |

Jakubus A, Paszkiewicz M, Stepnowski P (2017). Carbon nanotubes application in the extraction techniques of pesticides: a review. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 47, 76–91.
Carbon nanotubes application in the extraction techniques of pesticides: a reviewCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27404790PubMed |

Kah M, Tufenkji N, White JC (2019). Nano-enabled strategies to enhance crop nutrition and protection. Nature Nanotechnology 14, 532–540.
Nano-enabled strategies to enhance crop nutrition and protectionCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 31168071PubMed |

Khodakovskaya M, Dervishi E, Mahmood M, Xu Y, Li Z, Watanabe F, Biris AS (2009). Carbon nanotubes are able to penetrate plant seed coat and dramatically affect seed germination and plant growth. ACS Nano 3, 3221–3227.
Carbon nanotubes are able to penetrate plant seed coat and dramatically affect seed germination and plant growthCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 19772305PubMed |

Klarich KL, Pflug NC, DeWald EM, Hladik ML, Kolpin DW, Cwiertny DM, LeFevre GH (2017). Occurrence of neonicotinoid insecticides in finished drinking water and fate during drinking water treatment. Environmental Science & Technology Letters 4, 168–173.
Occurrence of neonicotinoid insecticides in finished drinking water and fate during drinking water treatmentCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Kuang T, Liu Y, Gong T, Peng X, Hu X, Yu Z (2016). Enzyme-responsive nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery. Current Nanoscience 12, 38–46.
Enzyme-responsive nanoparticles for anticancer drug deliveryCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Kumar RS, Arthanareeswaran G (2019). Nano-curcumin incorporated polyethersulfone membranes for enhanced anti-biofouling in treatment of sewage plant effluent. Materials Science and Engineering C 94, 258–269.
Nano-curcumin incorporated polyethersulfone membranes for enhanced anti-biofouling in treatment of sewage plant effluentCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Kumaraswamy RV, Kumari S, Choudhary RC, Sharma SS, Pal A, Raliya R, Saharan V (2019). Salicylic acid functionalized chitosan nanoparticle: a sustainable biostimulant for plant. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 123, 59–69.
Salicylic acid functionalized chitosan nanoparticle: a sustainable biostimulant for plantCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30389525PubMed |

Kwak SY, Lew TTS, Sweeney CJ, Koman VB, Wong MH, Bohmert-Tatarev K, Strano MS (2019). Chloroplast-selective gene delivery and expression in planta using chitosan-complexed single-walled carbon nanotube carriers. Nature Nanotechnology 14, 447–455.
Chloroplast-selective gene delivery and expression in planta using chitosan-complexed single-walled carbon nanotube carriersCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30804482PubMed |

Lal R (2015). A system approach to conservation agriculture. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 70, 82A–88A.
A system approach to conservation agricultureCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Lead JR, Batley GE, Alvarez PJ, Croteau MN, Handy RD, McLaughlin MJ, Schirmer K (2018). Nanomaterials in the environment: behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects – an updated review. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 37, 2029–2063.
Nanomaterials in the environment: behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects – an updated reviewCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29633323PubMed |

Liu RQ, Lal R (2015). Synthetic apatite nanoparticles as a phosphorus fertilizer for soybean (Glycine max). Scientific Reports 4, 5686
Synthetic apatite nanoparticles as a phosphorus fertilizer for soybean (Glycine max)Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Liu D, Yang F, Xiong F, Gu N (2016). The smart drug delivery system and its clinical potential. Theranostics 6, 1306–1323.
The smart drug delivery system and its clinical potentialCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27375781PubMed |

Lowry GV, Avellan A, Gilbertson LM (2019). Opportunities and challenges for nanotechnology in the agri-tech revolution. Nature Nanotechnology 14, 517–522.
Opportunities and challenges for nanotechnology in the agri-tech revolutionCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 31168073PubMed |

Madkour LH (2019). Introduction to nanotechnology (NT) and nanomaterials (NMs). In ‘Nanoelectronic materials’. (Ed. LH Madkour) pp. 1–47. (Springer: Berlin)

Magda S, Hussein MM (2016). Determinations of the effect of using silica gel and nano-silica gel against Tutaabsoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato fields. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 8, 506–512.

Malerba M, Cerana R (2016). Chitosan effects on plant systems. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, 996
Chitosan effects on plant systemsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Matysiak M, Kruszewski M, Kapka-Skrzypczak L (2017). Nanopesticides-Light or dark side of the force?. Medycyna Pracy 68, 423–432.
Nanopesticides-Light or dark side of the force?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28512369PubMed |

Mitter N, Hussey K (2019). Moving policy and regulation forward for nanotechnology applications in agriculture. Nature Nanotechnology 14, 508–510.
Moving policy and regulation forward for nanotechnology applications in agricultureCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 31168072PubMed |

Mohamed MA, Abd-Elsalam KA (2019). Magnetic nanoparticles: a unique gene delivery system in plant science. In ‘Magnetic nanostructures’. (Eds KA Abd-Elsalam, MA Mohamed, R Prasad) pp. 95–108. (Springer: Berlin)

Moussa SH, Tayel AA, Alsohim AS, Abdallah RR (2013). Botryticidal activity of nanosized silver‐chitosan composite and its application for the control of gray mold in strawberry. Journal of Food Science 78, M1589–M1594.
Botryticidal activity of nanosized silver‐chitosan composite and its application for the control of gray mold in strawberryCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24025030PubMed |

Mueller NC, Nowack B (2008). Exposure modeling of engineered nanoparticles in the environment. Environmental Science & Technology 42, 4447–4453.
Exposure modeling of engineered nanoparticles in the environmentCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Mukta JA, Rahman M, Sabir AA, Gupta DR, Surovy MZ, Rahman M, Islam MT (2017). Chitosan and plant probiotics application enhance growth and yield of strawberry. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 11, 9–18.
Chitosan and plant probiotics application enhance growth and yield of strawberryCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Nagajyothi PC, Cha SJ, Yang IJ, Sreekanth TVM, Kim KJ, Shin HM (2015). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Polygala tenuifolia root extract. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. B, Biology 146, 10–17.
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Polygala tenuifolia root extractCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25777265PubMed |

Neethirajan S, Ragavan V, Weng X, Chand R (2018). Biosensors for sustainable food engineering: challenges and perspectives. Biosensors 8, 23
Biosensors for sustainable food engineering: challenges and perspectivesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Nuruzzaman M, Rahman MM, Liu YJ, Naidu R (2016). Nanoencapsulation, nano-guard for pesticides: A new window for safe application. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64, 1447–1483.
Nanoencapsulation, nano-guard for pesticides: A new window for safe applicationCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26730488PubMed |

Oliveira HC, Gomes BC, Pelegrino MT, Seabra AB (2016). Nitric oxide-releasing chitosan nanoparticles alleviate the effects of salt stress in maize plants. Nitric Oxide 61, 10–19.
Nitric oxide-releasing chitosan nanoparticles alleviate the effects of salt stress in maize plantsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27693703PubMed |

Oliveira J, Rodrigues R, Barros L, Ferreira I, Marchesi L, Koneracka M, Jurikova A, Zavisova V, Gomes H (2019). Carbon-based magnetic nanocarrier for controlled drug release: A green synthesis approach. C: Journal of Carbon Research 5, 1
Carbon-based magnetic nanocarrier for controlled drug release: A green synthesis approachCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Patra JK, Das G, Fraceto LF, Campos EVR, del Pilar Rodriguez-Torres M, Acosta-Torres LS, Habtemariam S (2018). Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects. Journal of Nanobiotechnology 16, 71
Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospectsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30231877PubMed |

Pellegrini P, Fernández RJ (2018). Crop intensification, land use, and on-farm energy-use efficiency during the worldwide spread of the green revolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115, 2335–2340.
Crop intensification, land use, and on-farm energy-use efficiency during the worldwide spread of the green revolutionCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29463755PubMed |

Peng X, Maharjan B, Yu C, Su A, Jin V, Ferguson RB (2015). A laboratory evaluation of ammonia volatilization and nitrate leaching following nitrogen fertilizer application on a coarse-textured soil. Agronomy Journal 107, 871–879.
A laboratory evaluation of ammonia volatilization and nitrate leaching following nitrogen fertilizer application on a coarse-textured soilCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Pradhan S, Patra P, Das S, Chandra S, Mitra S, Dey KK, Akbar S, Palit P, Goswami A (2013). Photochemical modulation of biosafe manganese nanoparticles on Vigna radiata: a detailed molecular, biochemical, and biophysical study. Environmental Science & Technology 47, 13122–13131.
Photochemical modulation of biosafe manganese nanoparticles on Vigna radiata: a detailed molecular, biochemical, and biophysical studyCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Qiu XL, Li QL, Zhou Y, Jin XY, Qi AD, Yang YW (2015). Sugar and pH dual-responsive snap-top nanocarriers based on mesoporous silica-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles for cargo delivery. Chemical Communications 51, 4237–4240.
Sugar and pH dual-responsive snap-top nanocarriers based on mesoporous silica-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles for cargo deliveryCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25670321PubMed |

Raffi MM, Husen A (2019). Impact of fabricated nanoparticles on the rhizospheric microorganisms and soil environment. In ‘Nanomaterials and plant potential’. (Eds A Husen, M Iqbal) pp. 529–552. (Springer: Berlin)

Rajonee AA, Zaman S, Huq SMI (2017). Preparation, characterization and evaluation of efficacy of phosphorus and potassium incorporated nano fertilizer. Advances in Nanoparticles 6, 62–74.
Preparation, characterization and evaluation of efficacy of phosphorus and potassium incorporated nano fertilizerCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Ram P, Vivek K, Kumar SP (2014). Nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture: present concerns and future aspects. African Journal of Biotechnology 13, 705–713.
Nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture: present concerns and future aspectsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Rathnayaka RMNN, Iqbal YB, Rifnas LM (2018). Influence of urea and nano-nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar ‘Bg 250’. International Journal of Research Publications 5, 7–7.
Influence of urea and nano-nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar ‘Bg 250’Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Raveendranath Babu T, Raja Sekhar Reddy S, Sujana P (2014). Determination of the herbicide fenclorim by adsorptive stripping voltammetry at carbon nano tubes paste electrodes (CNTPE). Journal of Advanced Chemical Engineering 4, 109
Determination of the herbicide fenclorim by adsorptive stripping voltammetry at carbon nano tubes paste electrodes (CNTPE)Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Rigoni F, Tognolini S, Borghetti P, Drera G, Pagliara S, Goldoni A, Sangaletti L (2013). Enhancing the sensitivity of chemiresistor gas sensors based on pristine carbon nanotubes to detect low-ppb ammonia concentrations in the environment. Analyst 138, 7392–7399.
Enhancing the sensitivity of chemiresistor gas sensors based on pristine carbon nanotubes to detect low-ppb ammonia concentrations in the environmentCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24171188PubMed |

Rizwan M, Ali S, ur Rehman MZ, Malik S, Adrees M, Qayyum MF, Alamri SA, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P (2019). Effect of foliar applications of silicon and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on growth, oxidative stress, and cadmium accumulation by rice (Oryza sativa). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 41, 35
Effect of foliar applications of silicon and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on growth, oxidative stress, and cadmium accumulation by rice (Oryza sativa)Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sabbour MM (2016). Observations of the effect of Nano chitosan against the locust Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Journal of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering 2, 28–33.

Sabet H, Mortazaeinezhad F (2018). Yield, growth and Fe uptake of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) affected by Fe-nano, Fe-chelated and Fe-siderophore fertilization in the calcareous soils. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 50, 154–160.
Yield, growth and Fe uptake of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) affected by Fe-nano, Fe-chelated and Fe-siderophore fertilization in the calcareous soilsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30262273PubMed |

Sahoo D, Mandal A, Mitra T, Chakraborty K, Bardhan M, Dasgupta AK (2018). Nanosensing of pesticides by zinc oxide quantum dot: an optical and electrochemical approach for the detection of pesticides in water. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 66, 414–423.
Nanosensing of pesticides by zinc oxide quantum dot: an optical and electrochemical approach for the detection of pesticides in waterCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29239610PubMed |

Sanna V, Lubinu G, Madau P, Pala N, Nurra S, Mariani A, Sechi M (2015). Polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating white tea extract for nutraceutical application. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 63, 2026–2032.
Polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating white tea extract for nutraceutical applicationCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25599125PubMed |

Santo Pereira ADE, Oliveira HC, Fraceto LF (2019). Polymeric nanoparticles as an alternative for application of gibberellic acid in sustainable agriculture: a field study. Scientific Reports 9, 7135
Polymeric nanoparticles as an alternative for application of gibberellic acid in sustainable agriculture: a field studyCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sarkar A, Ghosh M, Sil PC (2014). Nanotoxicity: oxidative stress mediated toxicity of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 14, 730–743.
Nanotoxicity: oxidative stress mediated toxicity of metal and metal oxide nanoparticlesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24730293PubMed |

Sathiyabama M, Manikandan A (2018). Application of copper-chitosan nanoparticles stimulate growth and induce resistance in finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.) plants against blast disease. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 66, 1784–1790.
Application of copper-chitosan nanoparticles stimulate growth and induce resistance in finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.) plants against blast diseaseCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29443531PubMed |

Shahrekizad M, Gholamalizadeh Ahangar A, Mir N (2015). EDTA-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles: a novel biocompatible fertilizer for improving agronomic traits of sunflower (Helianthus Annuus). Journal of Nanostructures 5, 117–127.

Sharma A, Kaushal A, Kulshrestha S (2017). A Nano-Au/C-MWCNT based label free amperometric immunosensor for the detection of capsicum chlorosis virus in bell pepper. Archives of Virology 162, 2047–2052.
A Nano-Au/C-MWCNT based label free amperometric immunosensor for the detection of capsicum chlorosis virus in bell pepperCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28293725PubMed |

Sharma D, Kanchi S, Bisetty K (2019). Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles: A review. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 12, 3576–3600.
Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles: A reviewCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Shen J, Zhang W, Qi R, Mao ZW, Shen H (2018). Engineering functional inorganic–organic hybrid systems: advances in siRNA therapeutics. Chemical Society Reviews 47, 1969–1995.
Engineering functional inorganic–organic hybrid systems: advances in siRNA therapeuticsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29417968PubMed |

Shoaib A, Elabasy A, Waqas M, Lin L, Cheng X, Zhang Q, Shi ZH (2018). Entomotoxic effect of silicon dioxide nanoparticles on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) under laboratory conditions. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 100, 80–91.
Entomotoxic effect of silicon dioxide nanoparticles on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) under laboratory conditionsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Singh AK (2016). Chapter 1—Introduction to nanoparticles and nanotoxicology. In ‘Engineered nanoparticles’. (Ed. AK Singh) pp. 1–18. (Academic Press: Boston, MA)

Singh S, Singh M, Agrawal VV, Kumar A (2010). An attempt to develop surface plasmon resonance based immunosensor for Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) diagnosis based on the experience of nano-gold based lateral flow immuno-dipstick test. Thin Solid Films 519, 1156–1159.
An attempt to develop surface plasmon resonance based immunosensor for Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) diagnosis based on the experience of nano-gold based lateral flow immuno-dipstick testCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Snapp S, Pound B (2017). Farming systems for sustainable intensification. In ‘Agricultural systems’. (Eds S Snapp, B Pound) pp. 93–122. (Academic Press: Boston, MA)

Solanki P, Bhargava A, Chhipa H, Jain N, Panwar J (2015). Nano-fertilizers and their smart delivery system. In ‘Nanotechnologies in food and agriculture’. (Eds M Rai, C Ribeiro, L Mattoso, N Duran) pp. 81–101. (Springer: Cham)

Sousa GF, Gomes DG, Campos EV, Oliveira JL, Fraceto LF, Stolf-Moreira R, Oliveira HC (2018). Post-emergence herbicidal activity of nanoatrazine against susceptible weeds. Frontiers in Environmental Science 6, 12–17.
Post-emergence herbicidal activity of nanoatrazine against susceptible weedsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Srivastava AK, Dev A, Karmakar S (2018). Nanosensors and nanobiosensors in food and agriculture. Environmental Chemistry Letters 16, 161–182.
Nanosensors and nanobiosensors in food and agricultureCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sun D, Hussain HI, Yi Z, Siegele R, Cresswell T, Kong L, Cahill DM (2014). Uptake and cellular distribution, in four plant species, of fluorescently labeled mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Plant Cell Reports 33, 1389–1402.
Uptake and cellular distribution, in four plant species, of fluorescently labeled mesoporous silica nanoparticlesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24820127PubMed |

Tietze R, Zaloga J, Unterweger H, Lyer S, Friedrich RP, Janko C, Alexiou C (2015). Magnetic nanoparticle-based drug delivery for cancer therapy. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 468, 463–470.
Magnetic nanoparticle-based drug delivery for cancer therapyCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26271592PubMed |

Tsaboula A, Papadakis EN, Vryzas Z, Kotopoulou A, Kintzikoglou K, Papadopoulou-Mourkidou E (2019). Assessment and management of pesticide pollution at a river basin level part I: Aquatic ecotoxicological quality indices. The Science of the Total Environment 653, 1597–1611.
Assessment and management of pesticide pollution at a river basin level part I: Aquatic ecotoxicological quality indicesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30177275PubMed |

Tubiello FN, Salvatore M, Ferrara AF, House J, Federici S, Rossi S, Prosperi P (2015). The contribution of agriculture, forestry and other land use activities to global warming, 1990–2012. Global Change Biology 21, 2655–2660.
The contribution of agriculture, forestry and other land use activities to global warming, 1990–2012Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25580828PubMed |

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. Available at https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/world-population-prospects-2017.html [verified 7 December 2019]

United States National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) (2018). The national nanotechnology initiative: supplement to the president’s 2019 budget. United States National Nanotechnology Initiative (March). Available at https://www.nano.gov/2019budgetsupplement [verified at 1 December 2019]

Valletta A, Chronopoulou L, Palocci C, Baldan B, Donati L, Pasqua G (2014). Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles uptake by Vitis vinifera and grapevine-pathogenic fungi. Journal of Nanoparticle Research 16, 2744
Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles uptake by Vitis vinifera and grapevine-pathogenic fungiCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Verma SK, Das AK, Gantait S, Kumar V, Gurel E (2019). Applications of carbon nanomaterials in the plant system: a perspective view on the pros and cons. The Science of the Total Environment 667, 485–499.
Applications of carbon nanomaterials in the plant system: a perspective view on the pros and consCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30833247PubMed |

Wagner G, Korenkov V, Judy J, Bertsch P (2016). Nanoparticles composed of Zn and ZnO inhibit Peronospora tabacina spore germination in vitro and P. tabacina infectivity on tobacco leaves. Nanomaterials 6, 50
Nanoparticles composed of Zn and ZnO inhibit Peronospora tabacina spore germination in vitro and P. tabacina infectivity on tobacco leavesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wang Y, Cui H, Sun C, Zhao X, Cui B (2014). Construction and evaluation of controlled-release delivery system of Abamectin using porous silica nanoparticles as carriers. Nanoscale Research Letters 9, 655
Construction and evaluation of controlled-release delivery system of Abamectin using porous silica nanoparticles as carriersCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wang P, Lombi E, Zhao FJ, Kopittke PM (2016). Nanotechnology: a new opportunity in plant sciences. Trends in Plant Science 21, 699–712.
Nanotechnology: a new opportunity in plant sciencesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27130471PubMed |

Xin X, He Z, Hill MR, Niedz RP, Jiang X, Sumerlin BS (2018). Efficiency of biodegradable and pH‐responsive polysuccinimide nanoparticles (PSI‐NPs) as smart nanodelivery systems in grapefruit: in vitro cellular investigation. Macromolecular Bioscience 18, 1800159
Efficiency of biodegradable and pH‐responsive polysuccinimide nanoparticles (PSI‐NPs) as smart nanodelivery systems in grapefruit: in vitro cellular investigationCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29900701PubMed |

Xu Q, Ke X, Shen L, Ge N, Zhang Y, Fu F, Liu X (2018a). Surface modification by carboxymethy chitosan via pad-dry-cure method for binding Ag NPs onto cotton fabric. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 111, 796–803.
Surface modification by carboxymethy chitosan via pad-dry-cure method for binding Ag NPs onto cotton fabricCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29367162PubMed |

Xu C, Cao L, Zhao P, Zhou Z, Cao C, Li F, Huang Q (2018b). Emulsion-based synchronous pesticide encapsulation and surface modification of mesoporous silica nanoparticles with carboxymethyl chitosan for controlled azoxystrobin release. Chemical Engineering Journal 348, 244–254.
Emulsion-based synchronous pesticide encapsulation and surface modification of mesoporous silica nanoparticles with carboxymethyl chitosan for controlled azoxystrobin releaseCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Xu W, Qi M, Li X, Liu X, Wang L, Yu W, Song Y (2019a). TiO2 nanotubes modified with Au nanoparticles for visible-light enhanced antibacterial and anti-inflammatory capabilities. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) 842, 66–73.
TiO2 nanotubes modified with Au nanoparticles for visible-light enhanced antibacterial and anti-inflammatory capabilitiesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Xu C, Yan Y, Tan J, Yang D, Jia X, Wang L, Sun S (2019b). Biodegradable nanoparticles of polyacrylic acid–stabilized amorphous CaCO3 for tunable pH‐pesponsive drug delivery and enhanced tumor inhibition. Advanced Functional Materials 29, 1808146
Biodegradable nanoparticles of polyacrylic acid–stabilized amorphous CaCO3 for tunable pH‐pesponsive drug delivery and enhanced tumor inhibitionCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Yadav A, Yadav K (2018). Nanoparticle-based plant disease management: tools for sustainable agriculture. In ‘Nanobiotechnology applications in plant protection’. (Eds A Yadav, K Yadav) pp. 29–61. (Springer: Berlin)

Yadav T, Mungray AA, Mungray AK (2016). Effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on UASB microbial consortium. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 23, 4063–4072.
Effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on UASB microbial consortiumCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25824004PubMed |

Yan X, Li H, Han X, Su X (2015). A ratiometric fluorescent quantum dots based biosensor for organophosphorus pesticides detection by inner-filter effect. Biosensors & Bioelectronics 74, 277–283.
A ratiometric fluorescent quantum dots based biosensor for organophosphorus pesticides detection by inner-filter effectCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Yin J, Wang Y, Gilbertson LM (2018). Opportunities to advance sustainable design of nano-enabled agriculture identified through a literature review. Environmental Science. Nano 5, 11–26.
Opportunities to advance sustainable design of nano-enabled agriculture identified through a literature reviewCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Yu M, Yao J, Liang J, Zeng Z, Cui B, Zhao X, Cui H (2017). Development of functionalized abamectin poly (lactic acid) nanoparticles with regulatable adhesion to enhance foliar retention. RSC Advances 7, 11271–11280.
Development of functionalized abamectin poly (lactic acid) nanoparticles with regulatable adhesion to enhance foliar retentionCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Zhao Y, Li Y, Jiang K, Wang J, White WL, Yang S, Lu J (2017). Rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food by biofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticle based on nuclear magnetic resonance. Food Control 71, 110–116.
Rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food by biofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticle based on nuclear magnetic resonanceCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Zhao P, Cao L, Ma D, Zhou Z, Huang Q, Pan C (2018). Translocation, distribution and degradation of prochloraz-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles in cucumber plants. Nanoscale 10, 1798–1806.
Translocation, distribution and degradation of prochloraz-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles in cucumber plantsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29308814PubMed |

Zhu F, Liu X, Cao L, Cao C, Li F, Chen C, Xu C, Huang Q, Du F (2018). Uptake and distribution of fenoxanil-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles in rice plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, 2854
Uptake and distribution of fenoxanil-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles in rice plantsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Zulfiqar F, Navarro M, Ashraf M, Akram NA, Munné-Bosch S (2019). Nanofertilizer use for sustainable agriculture: advantages and limitations. Plant Science 289, 110270
Nanofertilizer use for sustainable agriculture: advantages and limitationsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 31623775PubMed |