Cenozoic surface uplift from south Western Australian rivers

Abstract

Embedded within Earth's topography is a constantly evolving fluvial network sensitive to variations in horizontal and vertical motions, driving sediment transport from elevated sources to sedimentary basins. The notion that a river acts as a 'tape recorder' for positive vertical displacements suggests that changes in spatial and temporal characteristics of surface uplift can be deduced through the analysis of longitudinal river profiles. The relative tectonic quiescence of the Australian continent during the Cenozoic makes it an excellent natural laboratory to study recent large-scale variations in surface uplift, often linked with mantle convective processes. Here, we analyse X longitudinal river profiles from south Western Australia. Major knickzones in the longitudinal profiles of rivers in southwest Australia suggest recent surface uplift. Given the lack of recent large-scale tectonic activity in that region, this uplift requires an explanation. Applying an inverse algorithm to river profiles of south Western Australia reveals that this surface uplift started in the Eocene and culminated in the mid-late Neogene. The surface uplift rates deduced from this river profile analysis generally agree with independent geological observations including preserved shallow-marine sediment outcrops across the Eucla Basin and south Western Australia. The timing of this event is also to be compared with offshore stratigraphic sections to link onshore surface uplift to offshore sedimentation. We show that the interplay between global sea level and long-wavelength dynamic topography associated with south Western Australia's plate motion path over the remnants of an ancient Pacific slab is a plausible mechanism driving this surface uplift.