Register      Login
Australian Journal of Zoology Australian Journal of Zoology Society
Evolutionary, molecular and comparative zoology
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Seasonality, abundance and breeding biology of one of the largest populations of nesting flatback turtles, Natator depressus: Cape Domett, Western Australia

Andrea U. Whiting A E , Allan Thomson B , Milani Chaloupka C and Colin J. Limpus D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Charles Darwin University, NT 0909, Australia.

B Department of Environment and Conservation, East Kimberley District, Kununurra, WA 6743, Australia.

C Ecological Modelling Services, PO Box 6150, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.

D Environmental Protection Agency, PO Box 15 155, City East, Brisbane, Qld 4002, Australia.

E Corresponding author. Email: andrea.whiting@cdu.edu.au

Australian Journal of Zoology 56(5) 297-303 https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO08038
Submitted: 16 April 2008  Accepted: 3 December 2008   Published: 29 January 2009

Abstract

Cape Domett, located in tropical Western Australia, supports a significant population of flatback turtles, Natator depressus, but the magnitude of this was previously underestimated. We assessed temporal nesting abundance to find that Cape Domett supports one of the largest aggregated nesting flatback turtle populations globally with annual abundance in the order of several thousand individuals (estimated = 3250, 95% CI = 1431–7757). We assessed temporal abundance within a year to find turtles nested throughout the year with peak nesting occurring between August and September. This paper re-evaluates the importance of this major flatback turtle nesting site and shows the first detailed examination of flatback turtle nesting biology in north-western Australia.


Acknowledgements

Funding and logistic support for this study were provided by the Kimberley Region of the Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) through Gordon Graham. We thank all field assistants including Alex Bowlay (DEC), Kiki Dethmers and volunteers from Conservation Volunteers Australia and Save Endangered East Kimberley Species. Special thanks to Bob Prince (DEC) for sharing his observations from previous studies and to Scott Whiting and Gordon Graham for providing helpful comments on this manuscript. Andrea Whiting is funded by Charles Darwin University and received additional funding from the Australian Foundation for University Women (Northern Territory). Experiments were conducted under licenses from the Department of Conservation and Land Management (now Department of Environment and Conservation) (Permit No. SF005407) and the Charles Darwin University Animal Ethics Committee (Reference No. A02033).


References

Bjorndal, K. A. , Wetherall, J. A. , Bolten, A. B. , and Mortimer, J. A. (1999). Twenty-six years of green turtle nesting at Tortuguero, Costa Rica: an encouraging trend. Conservation Biology 13, 126–134.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Bolten A. B. (1999). Techniques for measuring turtles. In ‘Research and Management Techniques for the Conservation of Sea Turtles’. (Eds K. L. Eckert, K. A. Bjorndal, F. A. Abreu-Grobois and M. Donnelly.) pp. 110–114. (IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group Publication No. 4: Washington, DC.)

Bustard, R. H. , and Limpus, C. J. (1969). Observations on the flatback turtle Chelonia depressa Garman. Herpetologica 25, 29–34.
Dutton D. L. , Broderick D. , and FitzSimmons N. N. (2002). Defining Management Units: molecular genetics. In ‘Proceedings of the Western Pacific Sea Turtle Cooperative Research and Management Workshop’. (Ed. I. Kinan.) pp. 93–101. (Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council: Honolulu, HI.)

Girondot, M. , Godfrey, M. H. , Ponge, L. , and Rivalan, P. (2007). Modeling approaches to quantify leatherback nesting trends in French Guiana and Suriname. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 6, 37–46.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Guinea M. L. (1994). Nesting seasonality of the flatback turtle Natator depressus (Garman) at Fog Bay, Northern Territory. In ‘Australian Marine Turtle Conservation Workshop. Sea World Nara Resort, Gold Coast’. (Ed. R. James.) pp. 150–153. (Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage and Australian Nature Conservation Agency: Canberra.)

Koch A. U. , Chaloupka M. , Guinea M. L. , Limpus C. J. , Pilcher N. , Whiting S. D. , and Ali L. (2006). Maximizing population information from various beach census regimes. In ‘Book of Abstracts from the 26th Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation. Island of Crete, Greece’. (Eds M. Frick, A. Panagopoulou, A. F. Rees and K. Williams.) p. 301. (International Sea Turtle Society: Athens.)

Koch, A. U. , Guinea, M. L. , and Whiting, S. D. (2007). Effects of sand erosion and current harvest practices on incubation of the flatback turtle (Natator depressus). Australian Journal of Zoology 55, 97–105.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Limpus C. J. (2007). A biological review of Australian marine turtles. 5. The flatback turtle Natator depressus (Garman). Queensland Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane.

Limpus, C. J. , Baker, V. , and Miller, J. D. (1979). Movement induced mortality of loggerhead eggs. Herpetologica 35, 335–338.
Limpus C. J. , Parmenter J. , and Limpus D. J. (2002). The status of the flatback turtle, Natator depressus, in eastern Australia. In ‘Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation’. (Eds A. Mosier, A. Foley and B. Brost.) pp. 140–142. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-477.

Limpus C. J. , McLaren M. , McLaren G. , and Knuckey B. (2006). Queensland Turtle Conservation Project: Curtis Island and Woongarra Coast flatback turtle studies, 2005–2006. Queensland Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane.

Miller J. D. (1985). Embryology of marine turtles. In ‘Biology of the Reptilia’. (Eds C. Gans, F. Billet and P. F. A. Maderson.) pp. 271–328. (Academic Press: New York.)

Miller J. D. (1999). Determining clutch size and hatching success. In ‘Research and Management Techniques for the Conservation of Sea Turtles’. (Eds K. L. Eckert, K. A. Bjorndal, F. A. Abreu-Grobois and M. Donnelly.) pp. 124–129. (IUCN/SCC Marine Turtle Specialist Group Publication No. 4: Washington, DC.)

Munsell Color (1994). ‘Munsell Soil Color Charts.’ (Macbeth Division of Kollmorgen Instruments Corporation: New Windsor, NY.)

Parmenter, C. J. (1980). Incubation of the eggs of the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, in Torres Strait, Australia: the effect of movement of hatchability. Australian Wildlife Research 7, 487–491.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Parmenter C. J. (1990). Species review: the flatback turtle – Natator depressa. In ‘The Australian Marine Turtle Conservation Workshop. Sea World Nara Resort, Gold Coast, 14–17 November 1990’. (Ed. R. James.) pp. 60–62. (Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage, and Australian Nature Conservation Agency: Canberra.)

Parmenter, C. J. , and Limpus, C. J. (1995). Female recruitment, reproductive longevity and inferred hatchling survivorship for the flatback turtle (Natator depressus) at a major eastern Australian rookery. Copeia 1995, 474–477.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Pendoley K. L. (2005). Sea turtles and the environmental management of industrial activities in north west Western Australia. Ph.D. Thesis, Murdoch University, Perth.

Pendoley K. , Chaloupka M. , and Prince R. (2009). An encouraging conservation outlook for the most atypical marine turtle species in the world: the endemic flatback. Endangered Species Research, in press.

Prince R. I. T. (1994). Status of the western Australian marine turtle populations: the Western Australian Marine Turtle Project 1986–1990. In ‘Australian Marine Turtle Conservation Workshop. Sea World Nara Resort, Gold Coast, 14–17 November 1990’. (Ed. R. James.) pp. 1–14. (Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage, and Australian Nature Conservation Agency: Canberra.)

Prince R. I. T. (2000). The Western Australian Marine Turtle Project. In ‘Sea Turtles of the Indo-Pacific: Research, Management and Conservation’. (Eds N. Pilcher and G. Ismail.) pp. 94–99. (Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, ASEAN Academic Press: London.)

R Development Core Team (2007). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available at http://www.R-project.org [Verified 17 April 2008].

Schäuble, C. , Kennett, R. , and Winderlich, S. (2006). Flatback turtle (Natator depressus) nesting at Field Island, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, Australia 1990–2001. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 5, 188–194.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Whiting S. D. , and Guinea M. L. (2006). The nesting biology of flatback turtles in the tropics: seven years of surveys on Bare Sand Island, Darwin, NT, Australia. In ‘Proceedings of the Twenty-Third International Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 17–21 March 2003’. (Ed. N. Pilcher.) p. 159. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-536.

Whiting, A. U. , Chaloupka, M. , and Limpus, C. J. (2008). Sampling error for hatchling turtle measurements: probing a rule-of-thumb. Copeia 2008, 474–477.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Wood S. N. (2006). ‘Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R.’ (Chapman and Hall/CRC: Boca Raton, FL.)