Register      Login
Pacific Conservation Biology Pacific Conservation Biology Society
A journal dedicated to conservation and wildlife management in the Pacific region.
RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

A molecular journey in conservation genetics

Margaret Byrne orcid.org/0000-0002-7197-5409
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983, Australia. Email: margaret.byrne@dbca.wa.gov.au

Pacific Conservation Biology 24(3) 235-243 https://doi.org/10.1071/PC18025
Submitted: 19 February 2018  Accepted: 4 June 2018   Published: 5 July 2018

Journal compilation © CSIRO 2018 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND

Abstract

Genetics, and more recently genomics, has become an integral part of conservation science. From the early days of DNA fingerprinting through development of hybridisation based and polymerase chain reaction based markers, to applications of genomics, genetics has provided many insights to improve management of plants, animals and their ecosystems. I share my journey of discovery in genetics and genomics, and their application in conservation of plants through understanding evolutionary history, population genetics of rare and threatened species, molecular taxonomy, fragmentation and the role of pollen dispersal, restoration in a risk management context, and adaptation to climate change.

Additional keywords: biodiversity conservation, DNA, genetics, genomics, plants.


References

Allendorf, F. W., Hohenlohe, P. A., and Luikart, G. (2010). Genomics and the future of conservation genetics. Nature Reviews. Genetics 11, 697–709.
Genomics and the future of conservation genetics.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Binks, R. M., Millar, M. A., and Byrne, M. (2015a). Contrasting patterns of clonality and fine-scale genetic structure in two rare sedges with differing geographic distributions. Heredity 115, 235–242.
Contrasting patterns of clonality and fine-scale genetic structure in two rare sedges with differing geographic distributions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Binks, R. M., O’Brien, M., Macdonald, B., Maslin, B., and Byrne, M. (2015b). Genetic entities and hybridization within the Acacia microbotrya species complex in Western Australia. Tree Genetics & Genomes 11, 65.
Genetic entities and hybridization within the Acacia microbotrya species complex in Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Bissett, A., Fitzgerald, A., Meintjes, T., Mele, P. M., Reith, F., Dennis, P. G., Breed, M. F., Brown, B., Brown, M. V., Brugger, J., Byrne, M., Caddy-Retalic, S., Carmody, B., Coates, D. J., Correa, C. C., Ferrari, B. C., Gupta, V. V. S. R., Hamonts, K., Haslem, A., Hugenholtz, P., Karan, M., Koval, J., Lowe, A. J., Macdonald, S., McGrath, L., Martin, D., Morgan, M., North, K. I., Pendal, E., Paungfoo-Lonhienne, C., Philips, L., Pirzl, R., Powell, J. R., Ragan, M. A., Schmidt, S., Seymour, N., Snape, I., Stephen, J. R., Stevens, M., Tinning, M., Williams, K., Yeoh, Y. K., Zammit, C. M., and Young, A. (2016). Introducing BASE: the biomes of Australian soil environments soil microbial diversity database. GigaScience 5, 1–11.
Introducing BASE: the biomes of Australian soil environments soil microbial diversity database.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Bowman, D. M. J. S., Brown, G. K., Braby, M. F., Brown, J. R., Cook, L. G., Crisp, M. D., Ford, F., Haberle, S., Hughes, J., Isagi1, Y., Joseph, L., McBride, J., Nelson, G., and Ladiges, P. Y. (2010). Biogeography of the Australian monsoon tropics. Journal of Biogeography 37, 201–216.
Biogeography of the Australian monsoon tropics.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Broadhurst, L., Byrne, M., Craven, L., and Lepschi, B. (2004). Genetic congruence with new species boundaries in the Melaleuca uncinata complex (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 52, 729–737.
Genetic congruence with new species boundaries in the Melaleuca uncinata complex (Myrtaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M. (1999). High genetic identities between three oil mallee taxa, Eucalyptus kochii subsp. kochii, subsp. plenissima and E. horistes, based on nuclear RFLP analysis. Heredity 82, 205–211.
High genetic identities between three oil mallee taxa, Eucalyptus kochii subsp. kochii, subsp. plenissima and E. horistes, based on nuclear RFLP analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M. (2004). Recognition of Eucalyptus quaerenda (Myrtaceae) at specific rank. Nuytsia 15, 321–323.

Byrne, M. (2007). Phylogeography provides an evolutionary context for the conservation of a diverse and ancient flora. Australian Journal of Botany 55, 316–325.
Phylogeography provides an evolutionary context for the conservation of a diverse and ancient flora.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M. (2008). Evidence for multiple refugia at different time scales during Pleistocene climatic oscillations in southern Australia inferred from phylogeography. Quaternary Science Reviews 27, 2576–2585.
Evidence for multiple refugia at different time scales during Pleistocene climatic oscillations in southern Australia inferred from phylogeography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M., and Hines, B. (2004). Phylogeographical analysis of cpDNA variation in Eucalyptus loxophleba (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 52, 459–470.
Phylogeographical analysis of cpDNA variation in Eucalyptus loxophleba (Myrtaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M., and Hopper, S. D. (2008). Granite outcrops as ancient islands in old landscapes: evidence from the phylogeography and population genetics of Eucalyptus caesia in Western Australia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London 93, 177–188.
Granite outcrops as ancient islands in old landscapes: evidence from the phylogeography and population genetics of Eucalyptus caesia in Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M., and Macdonald, B. (2000). Phylogeography and conservation of three oil mallee taxa Eucalyptus kochii ssp. kochii, ssp. plenissima and E. horistes. Australian Journal of Botany 48, 305–312.
Phylogeography and conservation of three oil mallee taxa Eucalyptus kochii ssp. kochii, ssp. plenissima and E. horistes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M., and Moran, G. F. (1994). Population divergence in the chloroplast genome of Eucalyptus nitens. Heredity 73, 18–28.
Population divergence in the chloroplast genome of Eucalyptus nitens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M., and Stone, L. M. (2011). The need for ‘duty of care’ when introducing new plants for agriculture. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 3, 50–54.
The need for ‘duty of care’ when introducing new plants for agriculture.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M., Murrell, J. C., Allen, B., and Moran, G. F. (1995). An integrated genetic linkage map for Eucalyptus nitens. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 91, 869–875.

Byrne, M., Marquez-Garcia, I., Uren, T., and Moran, G. F. (1996). Conservation and genetic diversity of microsatellites in the genus Eucalyptus. Australian Journal of Botany 44, 331–341.
Conservation and genetic diversity of microsatellites in the genus Eucalyptus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M., Murrell, J. C., Owen, J. V., Kriedemann, P., Williams, E. R., and Moran, G. (1997a). Identification and mode of action of quantitative trait loci affecting seedling height and leaf area in Eucalyptus nitens. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 94, 674–681.
Identification and mode of action of quantitative trait loci affecting seedling height and leaf area in Eucalyptus nitens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M., Murrell, J. C., Owen, J. V., Williams, E. R., and Moran, G. (1997b). Identification of quantitative trait loci influencing frost tolerance in Eucalyptus nitens. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 95, 975–979.
Identification of quantitative trait loci influencing frost tolerance in Eucalyptus nitens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M., Waycott, M., Hobbs, A. A., and James, S. H. (1997c). Variation in ribosomal DNA within and between populations of Isotoma petraea and Macrozamia riedlei. Heredity 79, 578–583.
Variation in ribosomal DNA within and between populations of Isotoma petraea and Macrozamia riedlei.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M., Parrish, T., and Moran, G. F. (1998). RFLP diversity in the nuclear genome of Eucalyptus nitens. Heredity 81, 225–233.
RFLP diversity in the nuclear genome of Eucalyptus nitens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M., Macdonald, B., and Coates, D. (2002). Phylogeographic patterns within the Acacia acuminata (Myrtaceae) complex in Western Australia. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 15, 576–587.
Phylogeographic patterns within the Acacia acuminata (Myrtaceae) complex in Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M., Macdonald, B., and Brand, J. (2003). Phylogeography and divergence in the chloroplast genome of Western Australian sandalwood (Santalum spicatum). Heredity 91, 389–395.
Phylogeography and divergence in the chloroplast genome of Western Australian sandalwood (Santalum spicatum).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M., Elliott, C. P., Yates, C., and Coates, D. J. (2007). Extensive pollen dispersal in a bird-pollinated shrub, Calothamnus quadrifidus, in a fragmented landscape. Molecular Ecology 16, 1303–1314.
Extensive pollen dispersal in a bird-pollinated shrub, Calothamnus quadrifidus, in a fragmented landscape.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M., Elliott, C., Yates, C., and Coates, D. (2008a). Maintenance of high pollen dispersal in Eucalyptus wandoo, a dominant tree of the fragmented agricultural region in Western Australia. Conservation Genetics 9, 97–105.
Maintenance of high pollen dispersal in Eucalyptus wandoo, a dominant tree of the fragmented agricultural region in Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M., Yeates, D. K., Joseph, L., Kearney, M., Bowler, J., Williams, M. A. J., Cooper, S., Donnellan, S. C., Keogh, J. S., Leys, R., Melville, J., Murphy, D. J., Porch, N., and Wyrwoll, K.-H. (2008b). Birth of a biome: insights into the assembly and maintenance of the Australian arid zone biota. Molecular Ecology 17, 4398–4417.
Birth of a biome: insights into the assembly and maintenance of the Australian arid zone biota.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M., Stone, L., and Millar, M. (2009). Environmental risk in agroforestry. In ‘Agroforestry for Natural Resource Management’. (Eds I. Nuberg, B. George, and J. Reid.) pp. 107–126. (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.)

Byrne, M., Steane, D. A., Joseph, L., Yeates, D. K., Jordan, G. J., Crayn, D., Aplin, K., Cantrill, D. J., Cook, L. G., Crisp, M. D., Keogh, J. S., Melville, J., Moritz, C., Porch, N., Sniderman, J. M. K., Sunnucks, P., and Weston, P. (2011a). Decline of a biome: contraction, fragmentation, extinction and invasion of the Australian mesic zone biota. Journal of Biogeography 38, 1635–1656.
Decline of a biome: contraction, fragmentation, extinction and invasion of the Australian mesic zone biota.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Byrne, M., Stone, L., and Millar, M. A. (2011b). Assessing genetic risk in revegetation. Journal of Applied Ecology 48, 1365–1373.
Assessing genetic risk in revegetation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Chambers, G., Curtis, C., Millar, C., Huynen, L., and Lambert, D. (2014). DNA fingerprinting in zoology: past, present and future. Investigative Genetics 5, 3.
DNA fingerprinting in zoology: past, present and future.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Clarke, L. J., Jardine, D., Byrne, M., Shepherd, K., and Lowe, A. J. (2012). Significant population genetic structure detected for a new and highly restricted species of Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) from Western Australia, and implications for conservation management. Australian Journal of Botany 60, 32–41.
Significant population genetic structure detected for a new and highly restricted species of Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) from Western Australia, and implications for conservation management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Coates, D. J., McArthur, S. L., and Byrne, M. (2015). Significant genetic diversity loss following pathogen driven population extinction in the rare endemic Banksia brownii (Proteaceae). Biological Conservation 192, 353–360.
Significant genetic diversity loss following pathogen driven population extinction in the rare endemic Banksia brownii (Proteaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Elshire, R. J., Glaubitz, J. C., Sun, Q., Poland, J. A., Kawamoto, K., Buckler, E. S., and Mitchell, S. E. (2011). A robust, simple genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach for high diversity species. PLoS One 6, e19379.
A robust, simple genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach for high diversity species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Erlich, H. A., Gelfland, D. H., and Sninsky, J. J. (1991). Recent advances in the polymerase chain reaction. Science 252, 1643–1651.
Recent advances in the polymerase chain reaction.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hadrys, H., Balick, M., and Schierwater, B. (1992). Applications of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in molecular ecology. Molecular Ecology 1, 55–63.
Applications of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in molecular ecology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hewitt, G. M. (2004). Genetic consequences of climatic oscillations in the Quaternary. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 359, 183–195.
Genetic consequences of climatic oscillations in the Quaternary.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hoffmann, A., Griffin, P., Dillon, S., Catullo, R., Rane, R., Byrne, M., Jordan, R., Oakeshott, J., Weeks, A., Joseph, L., Lockhart, P., Borevitz, J., and Sgrò, C. (2015). A framework for incorporating evolutionary genomics into biodiversity conservation and management. Climate Change Responses 2, 1–23.
A framework for incorporating evolutionary genomics into biodiversity conservation and management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

James, S. H. (2000). Genetic systems in the south-west flora: implications for conservation strategies for Australian plant species. Australian Journal of Botany 48, 341–347.
Genetic systems in the south-west flora: implications for conservation strategies for Australian plant species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Jeffreys, A., Wilson, V., and Thein, S. L. (1985a). Hypervariable ‘minisatellite’ regions in human DNA. Nature 314, 67–73.
Hypervariable ‘minisatellite’ regions in human DNA.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Jeffreys, A. J., Wilson, V., and Thein, S. L. (1985b). Individual-specific ‘fingerprints’ of human DNA. Nature 316, 76–79.
Individual-specific ‘fingerprints’ of human DNA.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Keppel, G., Van Niel, K. P., Wardell-Johnson, G. W., Yates, C. J., Byrne, M., Mucina, L., Schut, A. G. T., Hopper, S. D., and Franklin, S. E. (2012). Refugia: identifying and understanding safe havens for biodiversity from climate change. Global Ecology and Biogeography 21, 393–404.
Refugia: identifying and understanding safe havens for biodiversity from climate change.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Llorens, T. M., Byrne, M., Yates, C. J., Nistelberger, H. M., and Coates, D. J. (2012). Evaluating the influence of different aspects of habitat fragmentation on mating patterns and pollen dispersal in the bird pollinated Banksia sphaerocarpa var. caesia. Molecular Ecology 21, 314–328.
Evaluating the influence of different aspects of habitat fragmentation on mating patterns and pollen dispersal in the bird pollinated Banksia sphaerocarpa var. caesia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Lynch, A. J. J., Thackway, R., Specht, A., Beggs, P. J., Brisbane, S., Burns, E., Byrne, M., Capon, S. J., Casanova, M., Clarke, P. A., Davies, J. M., Dovers, S., Dwyer, R., Ens, E., Fisher, D. O., Flanigan, M., Garnier, E., Guru, S., Kilminster, K., Locke, J., Mac Nally, R., McMahon, K. M., Mitchell, P. J., Pierson, J., Rodgers, E. M., Russell-Smith, J., Udy, J., and Waycott, M. (2015). Transdisciplinary synthesis for ecosystem science, policy and management: the Australian experience. The Science of the Total Environment 534, 173–184.
Transdisciplinary synthesis for ecosystem science, policy and management: the Australian experience.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Maniatis, T., Ftitsch, E. F., and Sambrook, J. (1982). ‘Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual.’ 1st edn. (Cold Spring Harbor Press: Cold Spring Harbor, NY.)

McLean, E. H., Steane, D. A., Prober, S. M., Stock, W. D., Potts, B. M., Vaillancourt, R. E., and Byrne, M. (2014). Plasticity of functional traits varies clinally along a rainfall gradient in Eucalyptus tricarpa. Plant, Cell & Environment 37, 1440–1451.
Plasticity of functional traits varies clinally along a rainfall gradient in Eucalyptus tricarpa.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Millar, M. A., and Byrne, M. (2013). Cryptic divergent lineages of Pultenaea pauciflora M.B.Scott (Fabaceae, Mirbelieae) exhibit different patterns of evolutionary history. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 108, 871–881.
Cryptic divergent lineages of Pultenaea pauciflora M.B.Scott (Fabaceae, Mirbelieae) exhibit different patterns of evolutionary history.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Millar, M. A., Byrne, M., Nuberg, I., and Sedgley, M. (2008). High outcrossing and random pollen dispersal in a planted stand of Acacia saligna subsp. saligna revealed by paternity analysis using microsatellites. Tree Genetics & Genomes 4, 367–377.
High outcrossing and random pollen dispersal in a planted stand of Acacia saligna subsp. saligna revealed by paternity analysis using microsatellites.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Millar, M. A., Byrne, M., and Coates, D. (2010). The maintenance of disparate levels of clonality, genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in disjunct subspecies of the rare Banksia ionthocarpa. Molecular Ecology 19, 4217–4227.
The maintenance of disparate levels of clonality, genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in disjunct subspecies of the rare Banksia ionthocarpa.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Millar, M. A., Byrne, M., and O’Sullivan, W. O. (2011). Defining entities in the Acacia saligna (Fabaceae) species complex using a population genetics approach. Australian Journal of Botany 59, 137–148.
Defining entities in the Acacia saligna (Fabaceae) species complex using a population genetics approach.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Millar, M. A., Byrne, M., Nuberg, I., and Sedgley, M. (2012). High levels of genetic contamination in remnant populations of Acacia saligna from a genetically divergent planted stand. Restoration Ecology 20, 260–267.
High levels of genetic contamination in remnant populations of Acacia saligna from a genetically divergent planted stand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Millar, M. A., Coates, D. J., and Byrne, M. (2013). Genetic connectivity and diversity in inselberg populations of Acacia woodmaniorum, a rare endemic plant of the Yilgarn Craton banded iron formations. Heredity 111, 437–444.
Genetic connectivity and diversity in inselberg populations of Acacia woodmaniorum, a rare endemic plant of the Yilgarn Craton banded iron formations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Millar, M. A., Coates, D. J., and Byrne, M. (2014). Extensive long-distance pollen dispersal and highly outcrossed mating in historically small and disjunct populations of Acacia woodmaniorum (Fabaceae), a rare banded iron formation endemic. Annals of Botany 114, 961–971.
Extensive long-distance pollen dispersal and highly outcrossed mating in historically small and disjunct populations of Acacia woodmaniorum (Fabaceae), a rare banded iron formation endemic.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Moritz, C., and Brown, W. M. (1986). Tandem duplication of D-loop and ribosomal RNA sequences in lizard mitochondrial DNA. Science 233, 1425–1427.
Tandem duplication of D-loop and ribosomal RNA sequences in lizard mitochondrial DNA.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Moro, D., Byrne, M., Kennedy, M., Campbell, S., and Tizard, M. (2018). Identifying knowledge gaps for gene drive research to control invasive animal species: the next CRISPR step. Global Ecology and Conservation 13, e00363.
Identifying knowledge gaps for gene drive research to control invasive animal species: the next CRISPR step.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Myburg, A. A., Grattapaglia, D., Tuskan, G. A., Hellsten, U., Hayes, R. D., Grimwood, J., Jenkins, J., Lindquist, E., Tice, H., Bauer, D., Goodstein, D., Dubchak, I., Poliakov, A., Mizrachi, E., Kullan, A. R. K., Hussey, S. G., Pinard, D., van der Merwe, K., Singh, P., van Jaarsveld, I., Silva-Junior, O. B., Togawa, R., Pappas, M. R., Faria, D. A., Sansaloni, C. P., Petroli, C. D., Yang, X., Ranjan, P., Tschaplinski, T., Ye, C.-Y., Li, T., Sterck, L., Vanneste, K., Murat, F., Soler, M., San Clemente, H., Saidi, N., Cassan-Wang, H., Dunand, C., Hefer, C. A., Bornberg-Bauer, E., Kersting, A. R., Vining, K., Amarashighe, V., Ranik, M., Naithani, S., Elser, J., Boyd, A. E., Liston, A., Spatafora, J. W., Dharmwardhana, P., Raja, R., Sullivan, C., Romanel, E., Alves-Ferreira, M., Külheim, C., Foley, W., Carocha, V., Paiva, J., Kudrna, D., Brommonschenkel, S. H., Pasquali, G., Byrne, M., Rigault, P., Tibbits, J., Spokevicius, A., Jones, R. C., Steane, D. A., Vaillancourt, R. E., Potts, B. M., Joubert, F., Barry, K., Pappas, G. J., Strauss, S. H., Jaiswal, P., Grima-Pettenati, J., Salse, J., Van de Peer, Y., Rokhsar, D., and Schmutz, J. (2014). The genome of Eucalyptus grandis. Nature 510, 356–362.
The genome of Eucalyptus grandis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Peterson, B. K., Weber, J. N., Kay, E. H., Fisher, H. S., and Hoekstra, H. E. (2012). Double Digest RADseq: an inexpensive method for de novo SNP discovery and genotyping in model and non-model species. PLoS One 7, e37135.
Double Digest RADseq: an inexpensive method for de novo SNP discovery and genotyping in model and non-model species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Prober, S. M., Byrne, M., McLean, E. H., Steane, D. A., Potts, B. M., Vaillancourt, R. E., and Stock, W. D. (2015). Climate-adjusted provenancing: a strategy for climate-resilient ecological restoration. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 3, 65.
Climate-adjusted provenancing: a strategy for climate-resilient ecological restoration.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Renfree, M. B., Papenfuss, A. T., Deakin, J. E., Lindsay, J., Heider, T., Belov, K., Rens, W., Waters, P. D., Pharo, E. A., Shaw, G., Wong, E. S. W., Lefèvre, C. M., Nicholas, K. R., Kuroki, Y., Wakefield, M. J., Zenger, K. R., Wang, C., Ferguson-Smith, M., Nicholas, F. W., Hickford, D., Yu, H., Short, K. R., Siddle, H. V., Frankenberg, S. R., Chew, K. Y., Menzies, B. R., Stringer, J. M., Suzuki, S., Hore, T. A., Delbridge, M. L., Patel, H. R., Mohammadi, A., Schneider, N. Y., Hu, Y., O’Hara, W., Al Nadaf, S., Wu, C., Feng, Z-P., Cocks, B. G., Wang, J., Flicek, P., Searle, S. M. J., Fairley, S., Beal, K., Herrero, J., Carone, D. M., Suzuki, Y., Sugano, S., Toyoda, A., Sakaki, Y., Kondo, S., Nishida, Y., Tatsumoto, S., Mandiou, I., Hsu, A., McColl, K. A., Lansdell, B., Weinstock, G., Kuczek, E., McGrath, A., Wilson, P., Men, A., Hazar-Rethinam, M., Hall, A., Davis, J., Wood, D., Williams, S., Sundaravadanam, Y., Muzny, D. M., Jhangiani, S. N., Lewis, L. R., Morgan, M. B., Okwuonu, G. O., Ruiz, S. J., Santibanez, J., Nazareth, L., Cree, A., Fowler, G., Kovar, C. L., Dinh, H. H., Joshi, V., Jing, C., Lara, F., Thornton, R., Chen, L., Deng, J., Liu, Y., Shen, J. Y., Song, X.-Z., Edson, J., Troon, C., Thomas, D., Stephens, A., Yapa, L., Levchenko, T., Gibbs, R. A., Cooper, D. W., Speed, T. P., Fujiyama, A., Graves, J. A. M., O’Neill, R. J., Pask, A. J., Forrest, S. M., and Worley, K. C. (2011). Genome sequence of an Australian kangaroo, Macropus eugenii, provides insight into the evolution of mammalian reproduction and development. Genome Biology 12, R81.
Genome sequence of an Australian kangaroo, Macropus eugenii, provides insight into the evolution of mammalian reproduction and development.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sampson, J. F., and Byrne, M. (2008). Outcrossing between an agroforestry plantation and remnant native populations of Eucalyptus loxophleba. Molecular Ecology 17, 2769–2781.
Outcrossing between an agroforestry plantation and remnant native populations of Eucalyptus loxophleba.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sampson, J. F., Byrne, M., Yates, C. J., Gibson, N., Thavornkanlapachai, R., Stankowski, S., Macdonald, B., and Bennett, I. (2014). Contemporary pollen-mediated gene immigration reflects the historical isolation of a rare shrub in a fragmented landscape. Heredity 112, 172–181.
Contemporary pollen-mediated gene immigration reflects the historical isolation of a rare shrub in a fragmented landscape.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sansaloni, C. P., Petroli, C. D., Jaccoud, D., Carling, J., Detering, F., Grattapaglia, D., and Kilian, A. (2011). Diversity arrays technology (DArT) and next-generation sequencing combined: genome-wide, high throughput, highly informative genotyping for molecular breeding of Eucalyptus. BMC Proceedings 5, P54.
Diversity arrays technology (DArT) and next-generation sequencing combined: genome-wide, high throughput, highly informative genotyping for molecular breeding of Eucalyptus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Shepherd, K. A., Perkins, A., Collins, J., Byrne, M., and Thiele, K. R. (2013). Morphological and molecular evidence supports the recognition of a new subspecies of the critically endangered Pityrodia scabra (Lamiaceae). Australian Systematic Botany 26, 1–12.
Morphological and molecular evidence supports the recognition of a new subspecies of the critically endangered Pityrodia scabra (Lamiaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Shepherd, K. A., Thiele, K. R., Sampson, J., Coates, D., and Byrne, M. (2015). A rare, new species of Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) comprising two genetically distinct but morphologically cryptic populations in arid Western Australia: implications for taxonomy and conservation. Australian Systematic Botany 28, 234–245.
A rare, new species of Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) comprising two genetically distinct but morphologically cryptic populations in arid Western Australia: implications for taxonomy and conservation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Steane, D. A., Potts, B. M., McLean, E., Prober, S. M., Stock, W. D., Vaillancourt, R. E., and Byrne, M. (2014). Genome-wide scans detect adaptation to aridity in a widespread forest tree species. Molecular Ecology 23, 2500–2513.
Genome-wide scans detect adaptation to aridity in a widespread forest tree species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Steane, D. A., Potts, B. M., McLean, E., Collins, L., Prober, S. M., Stock, W. D., Vaillancourt, R. E., and Byrne, M. (2015). Genome-wide scans reveal cryptic population structure in a dry-adapted eucalypt. Tree Genetics & Genomes 11, 33.
Genome-wide scans reveal cryptic population structure in a dry-adapted eucalypt.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Steane, D. A., McLean, E., Potts, B. M., Prober, S. M., Stock, W. D., Stylianou, V. M., Vaillancourt, R. E., and Byrne, M. (2017a). Evidence for adaptation and acclimation of a widespread eucalypt of semi-arid Australia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London 121, 484–500.
Evidence for adaptation and acclimation of a widespread eucalypt of semi-arid Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Steane, D. A., Potts, B. M., McLean, E., Collins, L., Holland, B. R., Prober, S. M., Stock, W. D., Vaillancourt, R. E., and Byrne, M. (2017b). Genome scans across three eucalypts indicate that adaptation is a genome wide phenomenon. Genome Biology and Evolution 9, 253–265.
Genome scans across three eucalypts indicate that adaptation is a genome wide phenomenon.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Tanksley, S. D., and Orton, T. J. (1983). ‘Isozymes in Plant Genetics and Breeding Part B.’ (Elsevier Science Publishers: Amsterdam.)

Tapper, S.-L., Byrne, M., Yates, C. J., Keppel, G., Hopper, S. D., Van Niel, K., Schut, A. G. T., Mucina, L., and Wardell-Johnson, G. W. (2014a). Isolated with persistence or dynamically connected?: genetic patterns in a common granite outcrop endemic. Diversity & Distributions 20, 987–1001.
Isolated with persistence or dynamically connected?: genetic patterns in a common granite outcrop endemic.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Tapper, S.-L., Byrne, M., Yates, C. J., Keppel, G., Hopper, S. D., Van Niel, K., Schut, A. G. T., Mucina, L., and Wardell-Johnson, G. W. (2014b). Prolonged isolation and persistence of a common endemic on granite outcrops in both mesic and semi-arid environments in south-western Australia. Journal of Biogeography 41, 2032–2044.
Prolonged isolation and persistence of a common endemic on granite outcrops in both mesic and semi-arid environments in south-western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Thomsen, P. F., and Willerslev, E. (2015). Environmental DNA: an emerging tool in conservation for monitoring past and present biodiversity. Biological Conservation 183, 4–18.
Environmental DNA: an emerging tool in conservation for monitoring past and present biodiversity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Vos, P., Hogers, R., Bleeker, M., Reijans, T., van de Lee, M., Hornes, A., Frijters, A., Jerina, P., Peleman, J., Kuiper, M., and Zabeau, M. (1995). AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Research 23, 4407–4414.
AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Walker, E., Byrne, M., Macdonald, B., Nicolle, D., and McComb, J. (2009). Clonality and hybrid origin of the rare Eucalyptus bennettiae (Myrtaceae) in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Botany 57, 180–188.
Clonality and hybrid origin of the rare Eucalyptus bennettiae (Myrtaceae) in Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Walker, E., McComb, J., and Byrne, M. (2018). Genetic and morphological evidence supports the hybrid status of Adenanthos cunninghamii (now Adenanthos × cunninghamii). South African Journal of Botany , .
Genetic and morphological evidence supports the hybrid status of Adenanthos cunninghamii (now Adenanthos × cunninghamii).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wheeler, M., and Byrne, M. (2006). Congruence between phylogeographic patterns in cpDNA variation in Eucalyptus marginata (Myrtaceae) and geomorphology of the Darling Plateau. Australian Journal of Botany 54, 17–26.
Congruence between phylogeographic patterns in cpDNA variation in Eucalyptus marginata (Myrtaceae) and geomorphology of the Darling Plateau.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Williams, J. G., Kubelik, A. R., Livak, K. J., Rafalski, J. A., and Tingey, S. V. (1990). DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Research 18, 6531–6535.
DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |