We all live somewhere and where we live has a significant impact on our health and wellbeing. In the present review we sought to understand how place and space impact the success of drug-based HIV prevention strategies in a changing landscape of HIV. Finding from our review highlight a landscape where vulnerable populations have greater difficulty access the health care they need.

Black and minority ethnic (BME) men who have sex with men (MSM) are at higher risk of HIV than the general population. Results show that BME groups vary in their level of HIV knowledge and in their engagement in HIV risk behaviour. It is necessary to tailor HIV prevention interventions to specific BME groups.

Knowledge of the effect of surgical treatment of penile cancer patients on their quality of life would help healthcare professionals to plan appropriate consulting and effective rehabilitation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of primary surgical type on selected domains of quality of life and correlations between study variables after surgery. Disfiguring treatments for penile cancer significantly interfere with the sense of masculinity, but sexual functioning and self-esteem do not differ according to the type of surgical procedure.

Condoms are no longer the only tool in the HIV prevention toolbox and finding and understanding this information can be challenging for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). A review of Canadian HIV-related websites for GBMSM found less information about more recent prevention tools, and many were not well designed to promote health literacy. Operators of HIV websites need to maintain up-to-date information and think about the different health literacy levels of people they are trying to reach.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) community roll-out should be rapid but also equitable. We conducted a demonstration project to identify real-world PrEP implementation challenges and successfully recruited a high risk sample containing 50% ethnic minorities. Meaningful engagement of minorities is critical for PrEP to be both effective and fair. TOC a

Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV was introduced in the Welsh National Health Service in July 2017. We describe the roll out, present results for the first 6 months and discuss the challenges encountered. This can help inform service planning, shape policy development and identify future research work to understand PrEP uptake, use and effect in Wales and internationally.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can reduce HIV transmission at the population level if offered to and accessed by individuals most at risk. We estimated that 5847 individuals are eligible for publicly funded PrEP in New Zealand. This number provides an implementation target and implies that the current health system will have to innovate its PrEP delivery services to meet this need.

Condomless sex contributes to STIs and unplanned pregnancies. This study found that sexually active individuals who are not in monogamous relationships and who see pornography as a source of sexual information are at a higher risk for condomless sex. Studies that do not take relational monogamy and perceptions of pornography as sexual information into account may falsely conclude that pornography and condomless sex are unrelated.

Belgium has been one of the first European countries to roll-out Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) as a new tool for HIV prevention. This papers shows a high uptake of PrEP during the first 9 months of roll-out, almost entirely limited to Men having Sex with Men (MSM). HIV surveillance systems should carefully monitor the effect of PrEP on new HIV diagnoses.

There is a lack of empirical research conducted to compare the agreement and reliability of different approaches to measuring self-reported sexual behaviours. We observed moderate agreement between different question methods, which had differential advantages and ideal circumstances for use. This work highlights the tenuous balance in research between absolute measures of any sexual HIV risk and proximal contextual factors using event-level measures.

For strategies aimed at increasing HIV testing to be successful, testing services need to have capacity to manage the increase. We developed an innovative result-robot module in the electronic medical record that reads and conveys the electronic result to the client. This system resulted in a 41% decrease in the number of clients calling for results. Redesigning services and systems can enable services to become more efficient.

Having penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI) with men during menstrual sex increases the risk of both STI or HIV acquisition and transmission. This study investigated the role of receptive partners’ independent decision making over condom use during menses to avert STI transmission and acquisition. Findings across 146 countries suggest that those exercising independent decision-making over condom use during menses do so to avert STI transmission and acquisition.

Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy is recommended for all HIV infected persons, and has significant individual and public health benefits. We evaluated the impact of including baseline HIV investigations at the time of a reactive point of care HIV test in a community testing service. While the impact of the intervention requires further analysis the findings suggest that the rapid point of care test could have a significant effect on time to initiation of ART.

A secondary analysis found that a history of anal cancer screening among men who have sex with men is associated with race, age and HIV status.