Register      Login
Microbiology Australia Microbiology Australia Society
Microbiology Australia, bringing Microbiologists together
RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Bioinnovation and drug discovery at ANSTO’s Australian Synchrotron

Ashish Sethi A * , Rachel M. Williamson A , Emily G. Finch A , Daniel Häusermann A , Helen E. A. Brand A and Danielle E. Martin A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia.




Dr Ashish Sethi is the scattering group manager at ANSTO’s Australian Synchrotron. His research expertise includes the use of integrated structural biology methods to characterise biomolecular structure and function.



Dr Rachel Williamson is the crystallography group manager at ANSTO’s Australian Synchrotron. She specialises in chemical crystallography and structural biology, with research interests in organic electronics and biosensors.



Dr Emily Finch is the microscopy group manager at ANSTO’s Australian Synchrotron. Her research interests lie in geoscience, particularly metal mobility in Earth’s crust to support green technologies.



Dr Daniel Häusermann is the imaging group manager at ANSTO’s Australian Synchrotron. His research interests lie in supporting cancer detection and diagnosis, understanding biological functioning and assessing engineering structures.



Dr Helen Brand is currently the acting science operations manager at ANSTO’s Australian Synchrotron. Her research focuses on the thermoelastic properties and crystal chemistry of minerals relevant to environmental, planetary geology and industrial applications.



Dr Danielle Martin is currently the acting senior principal scientist (head of science), who oversees strategic developments, managing, prioritising and facilitating team and stakeholder interactions, capital and asset management programs and leading key science initiatives across ANSTO’s Australian Synchrotron.

Microbiology Australia https://doi.org/10.1071/MA25023
Submitted: 13 April 2025  Accepted: 2 May 2025  Published: 26 May 2025

© 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the ASM. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY).

Abstract

ANSTO’s Australian Synchrotron (AS) is a premier national research facility providing Australia, New Zealand and the broader region with access to world-class instrumentation and advanced analytical techniques. Synchrotrons worldwide have established themselves as invaluable tools for drug discovery and biological innovation, and the AS is no different. The Australian Synchrotron’s capabilities provide significant data regarding the molecular and structural dynamics of complex biological systems. These enable insights from mapping drug-target interactions at the atomic level to visualising physiological responses within tissues and organisms. The following article outlines these capabilities and their application to drug discovery in more detail.

Keywords: bioinnovation, biomedical imaging, CFS, crystallographic fragment screening, microbeam radiation therapy, microspectroscopy, MRT, small-angle X-ray scattering, synchrotron, synchrotron-based drug discovery, structural biology.

Biographies

MA25023_B1.gif

Dr Ashish Sethi is the scattering group manager at ANSTO’s Australian Synchrotron. His research expertise includes the use of integrated structural biology methods to characterise biomolecular structure and function.

MA25023_B2.gif

Dr Rachel Williamson is the crystallography group manager at ANSTO’s Australian Synchrotron. She specialises in chemical crystallography and structural biology, with research interests in organic electronics and biosensors.

MA25023_B3.gif

Dr Emily Finch is the microscopy group manager at ANSTO’s Australian Synchrotron. Her research interests lie in geoscience, particularly metal mobility in Earth’s crust to support green technologies.

MA25023_B4.gif

Dr Daniel Häusermann is the imaging group manager at ANSTO’s Australian Synchrotron. His research interests lie in supporting cancer detection and diagnosis, understanding biological functioning and assessing engineering structures.

MA25023_B5.gif

Dr Helen Brand is currently the acting science operations manager at ANSTO’s Australian Synchrotron. Her research focuses on the thermoelastic properties and crystal chemistry of minerals relevant to environmental, planetary geology and industrial applications.

MA25023_B6.gif

Dr Danielle Martin is currently the acting senior principal scientist (head of science), who oversees strategic developments, managing, prioritising and facilitating team and stakeholder interactions, capital and asset management programs and leading key science initiatives across ANSTO’s Australian Synchrotron.

References

Jose J et al. (2023) Fragment-based and structure-guided discovery of perforin inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 261, 115786.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Haywood J et al. (2022) A fungal tolerance trait and selective inhibitors proffer HMG-CoA reductase as a herbicide mode-of-action. Nat Commun 13(1), 5563.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Cheong EZK et al. (2022) Crystal structure of the Rubella virus protease reveals a unique papain-like protease fold. J Biol Chem 298(8), 102250.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Zhan J et al. (2022) Molecular basis of functional effects of phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of the rabies virus P protein. J Virol 96(9), e0011122.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Chang YG et al. (2022) Structure of the metastatic factor P-Rex1 reveals a two-layered autoinhibitory mechanism. Nat Struct Mol Biol 29(8), 767-773.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Nematollahi A et al. (2016) Structure of the PLP-form of the human kynurenine aminotransferase II in a novel spacegroup at 1.83 Å resolution. Int J Mol Sci 17(4), 446.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Hansen MH et al. (2023) Resurrecting ancestral antibiotics: unveiling the origins of modern lipid II targeting glycopeptides. Nat Commun 14(1), 7842.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Brazel EB et al. (2022) Dysregulation of Streptococcus pneumoniae zinc homeostasis breaks ampicillin resistance in a pneumonia infection model. Cell Rep 38(2), 110202.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Zhang S et al. (2025) Global analysis of endogenous protein disorder in cells. Nat Methods 22(1), 124-134.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

10  Crespi GA et al. (2015) Molecular basis for mid-region amyloid-β capture by leading Alzheimer’s disease immunotherapies. Sci Rep 5, 9649.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

11  Ishii K et al. (2024) Crystal structure of Alzheimer’s disease phospholipase D3 provides a molecular basis for understanding its normal and pathological functions. FEBS J 291(24), 5398-5419.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

12  Calleja DJ et al. (2022) Insights into drug repurposing, as well as specificity and compound properties of piperidine-based SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibitors. Front Chem 10, 861209.
| Google Scholar |

13  Ku Z et al. (2022) Engineering SARS-CoV-2 specific cocktail antibodies into a bispecific format improves neutralizing potency and breadth. Nat Commun 13(1), 5552.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

14  Rouet R et al. (2023) Broadly neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies through epitope-based selection from convalescent patients. Nat Commun 14(1), 687.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

15  Cowieson NP et al. (2015) MX1: a bending-magnet crystallography beamline serving both chemical and macromolecular crystallography communities at the Australian Synchrotron. J Synchrotron Radiat 22(1), 187-190.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

16  Aragão D et al. (2018) MX2: a high-flux undulator microfocus beamline serving both the chemical and macromolecular crystallography communities at the Australian Synchrotron. J Synchrotron Radiat 25(Pt 3), 885-891.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

17  Whitehouse RL et al. (2023) Fragment screening libraries for the identification of protein hot spots and their minimal binding pharmacophores. RSC Med Chem 14(1), 135-143.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

18  Kirby N et al. (2016) Improved radiation dose efficiency in solution SAXS using a sheath flow sample environment. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 72(Pt 12), 1254-1266.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

19  Busby JN et al. (2024) The ABC toxin complex from Yersinia entomophaga can package three different cytotoxic components expressed from distinct genetic loci in an unfolded state: the structures of both shell and cargo. IUCrJ 11(Pt 3), 299-308.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

20  Sethi A et al. (2023) Structural insights into the multifunctionality of rabies virus P3 protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 120(14), e2217066120.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

21  Fellner M et al. (2025) Similar but distinct-biochemical characterization of the Staphylococcus aureus serine hydrolases FphH and FphI. Proteins 93(5), 1009-1021.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

22  Newton-Vesty MC et al. (2024) On the function of TRAP substrate-binding proteins: the isethionate-specific binding protein IseP. Biochem J 481(24), 1901-1920.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

23  Oldham KEA et al. (2022) Serine acetyltransferase from Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structural and biochemical basis of inhibition. Biochem J 479(1), 57-74.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

24  Hewage TW et al. (2019) A new crystal structure and small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of the homodimer of human SFPQ. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 75(Pt 6), 439-449.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

25  Knott GJ et al. (2022) Structural basis of dimerization and nucleic acid binding of human DBHS proteins NONO and PSPC1. Nucleic Acids Res 50(1), 522-535.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

26  Meng Y et al. (2023) Phosphorylation-dependent pseudokinase domain dimerization drives full-length MLKL oligomerization. Nat Commun 14(1), 6804.
| Google Scholar |

27  Sethi A et al. (2021) Structural insights into the unique modes of relaxin-binding and tethered-agonist mediated activation of RXFP1 and RXFP2. J Mol Biol 433(21), 167217.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

28  Metcalfe RD et al. (2023) Structures of the interleukin 11 signalling complex reveal gp130 dynamics and the inhibitory mechanism of a cytokine variant. Nat Commun 14(1), 7543.
| Google Scholar |

29  Yu H et al. (2022) Polyphenol-functionalized cubosomes as thrombolytic drug carriers. Adv Healthc Mater 11(21), e2201151.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

30  Rajesh S et al. (2022) Application of fluconazole-loaded pH-sensitive lipid nanoparticles for enhanced antifungal therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 14,.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

31  Faisal KS et al. (2022) Microstructure-thermal property relationships of poly (ethylene glycol-b-caprolactone) copolymers and their micelles. Polymers 14(20), 4365.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

32  Yu H et al. (2024) pH-Dependent lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophase and ionization behavior of phytantriol-based ionizable lipid nanoparticles. Small 20(20), e2309200.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

33  Yu H et al. (2023) Real-time pH-dependent self-assembly of ionisable lipids from COVID-19 vaccines and in situ nucleic acid complexation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 62(35), e202304977.
| Google Scholar |

34  Awad M et al. (2023) Lyophilized lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles as an antimicrobial delivery system. Antibiotics 12(9), 1405.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

35  Karagiannis TC et al. (2023) Characterization of K562 cells: uncovering novel chromosomes, assessing transferrin receptor expression, and probing pharmacological therapies. Cell Mol Life Sci 80(9), 248.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

36  Vongsvivut J et al. (2019) Synchrotron macro ATR-FTIR microspectroscopy for high-resolution chemical mapping of single cells. Analyst 144(10), 3226-3238.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

37  Zohdi V et al. (2015) Importance of tissue preparation methods in FTIR micro-spectroscopical analysis of biological tissues: ‘traps for new users’. PLoS ONE 10(2), e0116491.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

38  Vongsvivut J et al. (2015) Synchrotron-FTIR microspectroscopy enables the distinction of lipid accumulation in thraustochytrid strains through analysis of individual live cells. Protist 166(1), 106-121.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

39  Sanislav O et al. (2024) Cell invasive amyloid assemblies from SARS-CoV-2 peptides can form multiple polymorphs with varying neurotoxicity. Nanoscale 16(42), 19814-19827.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

40  Summers KL et al. (2017) A multimodal spectroscopic imaging method to characterize the metal and macromolecular content of proteinaceous aggregates (“amyloid plaques”). Biochemistry 56(32), 4107-4116.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

41  Chakkumpulakkal Puthan Veettil T et al. (2023) Synchrotron-Infrared Microspectroscopy of Live Leishmania major Infected Macrophages and Isolated Promastigotes and Amastigotes. Anal Chem 95(8), 3986-3995.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

42  Blank M et al. (2022) The effect of carbamazepine on bone structure and strength in control and osteogenesis imperfecta (Col1a2 (+/p.G610C)) mice. J Cell Mol Med 26(14), 4021-4031.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

43  Chen W et al. (2024) Size-dependent penetration of nanoparticles in tumor spheroids: a multidimensional and quantitative study of transcellular and paracellular pathways. Small 20(8), e2304693.
| Google Scholar |

44  Arhatari BD et al. (2025) Micro-computed tomography beamline of the Australian Synchrotron: density measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 96(2), 023707.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

45  Mentzel F et al. (2022) Fast and accurate dose predictions for novel radiotherapy treatments in heterogeneous phantoms using conditional 3D-UNet generative adversarial networks. Med Phys 49(5), 3389-3404.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

46  O’Connell DW et al. (2022) Accurate measures of changes in regional lung air volumes from chest X-rays of small animals. Phys Med Biol 67(20), 205002.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

47  Stainsby AV et al. (2025) Effect of prenatal diaphragmatic hernia on pulmonary arterial morphology. Anat Rec 308(4), 1082-1093.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

48  Harker SA et al. (2024) Using X-ray velocimetry to measure lung function and assess the efficacy of a pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage therapy for cystic fibrosis. Sci Rep 14(1), 29727.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

49  Murrie RP et al. (2015) Live small-animal X-ray lung velocimetry and lung micro-tomography at the Australian Synchrotron imaging and medical beamline. J Synchrotron Radiat 22(4), 1049-1055.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

50  Donnelley M et al. (2019) Live-pig-airway surface imaging and whole-pig CT at the Australian Synchrotron imaging and medical beamline. J Synchrotron Radiat 26(Pt 1), 175-183.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

51  Livingstone J et al. (2017) Preclinical radiotherapy at the Australian Synchrotron’s imaging and medical beamline: instrumentation, dosimetry and a small-animal feasibility study. J Synchrotron Radiat 24(Pt 4), 854-865.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

52  Yang Y et al. (2014) In vitro study of genes and molecular pathways differentially regulated by synchrotron microbeam radiotherapy. Radiat Res 182(6), 626-639.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

53  Dipuglia A et al. (2019) Validation of a Monte Carlo simulation for microbeam radiation therapy on the imaging and medical beamline at the Australian Synchrotron. Sci Rep 9(1), 17696.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

54  Tavakoli Taba S et al. (2021) Propagation-based phase-contrast CT of the breast demonstrates higher quality than conventional absorption-based CT even at lower radiation dose. Acad Radiol 28(1), e20-e26.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

55  Pacilè S et al. (2018) Advantages of breast cancer visualization and characterization using synchrotron radiation phase-contrast tomography. J Synchrotron Radiat 25(Pt 5), 1460-1466.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

56  Gureyev TE et al. (2019) Propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast tomography of mastectomy samples using synchrotron radiation. Med Phys 46(12), 5478-5487.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

57  Crosbie JC et al. (2013) Reference dosimetry at the Australian Synchrotron’s imaging and medical beamline using free-air ionization chamber measurements and theoretical predictions of air kerma rate and half value layer. Med Phys 40(6), 062103.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |