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Plant function and evolutionary biology
REVIEW

An overview of cytoplasmic male sterility in Brassica napus

Zunaira Farooq A B # , Ahmad Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8777-5519 A # , Hongjie Wang B , Muhammad Zeeshan Mola Bakhsh A , Shipeng Li A , Ying Liu B , Shuo Wu B , Aisha Almakas B , Shouping Yang B and Yi Bin A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.

B Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.

* Correspondence to: yibin@mail.hzau.edu.cn

# Theses authors contributed equally to this paper

Handling Editor: Peter Bozhkov

Functional Plant Biology 52, FP24337 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP24337
Submitted: 10 December 2024  Accepted: 15 April 2025  Published: 1 May 2025

© 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing

Abstract

Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the world’s most important oilseed crops, supplying humans with oil products, nutritious feed for livestock, and natural resources for industrial applications. Due to immense population pressure, more seed production is needed for human consumption due to its high quality of food products. As a vital genetic resource, male sterility provides ease in hybrid seed production and heterosis breeding. Better utilization of male sterility requires understanding its mechanisms, mode of action, and genes involved to be characterized in detail. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been reported in many plant species and is a maternally inherited trait that restricts viable pollen development and production. The mitochondrial genome is involved in the induction of male sterility, while the nuclear genome plays its role in the restoration. Presently, rapeseed has more than 10 CMS systems. Pol-CMS and Shaan2A are autoplasmic resources that arose via natural mutation, while Nap-CMS and Nsa-CMS are alloplasmic and were created by intergeneric hybridisation. In this review, we discuss the types of male sterility systems in rapeseed and provide comprehensive information on CMS in rapeseed with a particular focus and emphasis the types of CMS in rapeseed.

Keywords: alloplasmic, autoplasmic, CMS, heterosis, hybrid, mutation, pollen, rapeseed.

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