Decadal monitoring shows seagrass decline and community shifts following environmental disturbance in Moreton Bay, south-eastern Queensland, Australia

Joanna N. Smart; Nicholas M. Hammerman; Kirsten M. Golding; Kathryn Markey; Eva Kovacs; Chris Roelfsema

doi:10.1071/MF25049

RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Previous Next Contents Vol 76(10)

Decadal monitoring shows seagrass decline and community shifts following environmental disturbance in Moreton Bay, south-eastern Queensland, Australia

Joanna N. Smart

^A ^B ^* , Nicholas M. Hammerman ^A , Kirsten M. Golding ^A , Kathryn Markey ^B , Eva Kovacs ^A and Chris Roelfsema ^A

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A Marine Ecosystem Monitoring Lab, School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.

^B Earth Observation Research Centre, School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.

^* Correspondence to: joanna.smart@uq.edu.au

Handling Editor: Michelle Casanova

Marine and Freshwater Research 76, MF25049 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF25049

Submitted: 6 March 2025 Accepted: 20 June 2025 Published: 10 July 2025

© 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Context

Seagrass meadows are declining globally. Most seagrass research focuses on small-scale dynamics, with less known about change over larger spatial and temporal scales. The Eastern Banks in Moreton Bay, Australia (142 km²), provide a case study for investigating large-scale seagrass dynamics.

Aims

Determine whether seagrass species community composition and cover vary spatially and temporally across the Eastern Banks.

Methods

Georeferenced photoquadrats (n = 48,629) were collected across four banks between 2011 and 2024. Seagrass cover was classified using machine learning platform ReefCloud. Beta regression models and PERMANOVA analysis assessed trends in seagrass composition across years and among banks. Seagrass cover was assessed against water quality data to identify potential environmental drivers of change.

Key results

Oceana serrulata increased at Amity and Wanga-Wallen Banks, replacing Zostera muelleri as the dominant species. Total seagrass cover declined across three banks, with changes in cover and community composition being potentially associated with fluctuations in water quality.

Conclusion

Seagrass cover has declined significantly, with shifts in community composition occurring across the Eastern Banks during the study period.

Implications

These findings have highlighted the vulnerability of seagrass meadows to environmental disturbances, and the need for monitoring to identify resilience mechanisms and support ecosystem management.

Keywords: community composition, long-term monitoring, Moreton Bay, Oceana serrulata, seagrass decline, seagrass dynamics, seagrass meadows, Zostera muelleri.

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