Taxonomy and nomenclature of black nerites (Gastropoda : Neritimorpha : Nerita) from the South Pacific
Hamish G. Spencer A D , Jonathan M. Waters B and Thomas E. Eichhorst CA Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
B Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
C 4528 Quartz Dr NE, Rio Rancho, New Mexico 87124-4908, USA.
D Corresponding author. Email: h.spencer@otago.ac.nz
Invertebrate Systematics 21(3) 229-237 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS06038
Submitted: 18 September 2006 Accepted: 23 March 2007 Published: 27 June 2007
Abstract
Members of the genus Nerita are abundant components of the intertidal fauna in many parts of the world and yet Nerita taxonomy remains unsettled. Here, the relationships among black-shelled Nerita populations from Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island, the Kermadec Islands and Easter Island are discussed. Four species are recognised: N. atramentosa Reeve, 1855 from the southern half of Australia; N. melanotragus E.A. Smith, 1884 from eastern Australia, northern New Zealand, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and the Kermadec Islands; N. morio (G. B. Sowerby I, 1833) from Easter Island and the Austral Islands; and N. lirellata Rehder, 1980 from Easter Island alone. These species are of great importance in studies of intertidal community structure and yet two of them have been consistently confused in the ecological and taxonomic literature. Moreover, the relationships among the species are not at all as implied by recent subgeneric classifications; it is argued that all four species should be placed in the subgenus Lisanerita Krijnen, 2002. The superficially similar N. picea Récluz, 1841 is not closely related. An accurate taxonomy of the genus will almost certainly require considerable genetic analysis. The nomenclature for each species is herein established by complete synonymies, and lectotypes for both N. atramentosa and N. melanotragus are selected.
Additional keywords: Australia, Easter Island, lectotype, Lisanerita, Nerita atramentosa, Nerita melanotragus, Nerita lirellata, Nerita morio, Neritopsina, New Zealand, nomenclature, taxonomy.
Acknowledgements
We thank C. Burridge, J. Eason, M. Finney, A. Smith, M. Stewart and S. Taylor (University of Otago) for helping with the collection of temperate Nerita specimens. M. do ceo Fernandes Soares, L. Devlin, N. Choochinprakarn, S. Choochinprakarn, K. Prasitmonthon, Y. Techatanadirek and A. Waters assisted with morphological analysis and field observations in southern Australia. B. Marshall (Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa) provided samples from the Three Kings Islands, S. Coles and R. Kawamoto (Bishop Museum, Hawaii) sent us Hawaiian material and R. Willan, M. Chaddock, and G. Dally (Northern Territory Museum and Art Gallery, Australia) provided tropical taxa from northern Australia for use as outgroups. M. O’Loughlin (Museum of Victoria, Melbourne) kindly donated several southern Nerita from Australia and New Zealand. T. King (University of Otago) carried out the DNA laboratory work. K. Miller took the photograph for Fig. 3. K. Way, A. MacLellan and D. Reid (Natural History Museum, London) supplied several specimens of N. atramentosa and N. melanotragus, and advised on nomenclatural matters. S. Pollard searched the catalogues and collections of the Canterbury Museum for the type of N. saturata and S. Michelson-Heath did the same at the Otago Museum. R. Willan, B. Marshall, W. Ponder (Australian Museum) and two anonymous reviewers kindly commented on an earlier version of the manuscript for us. D. Lee discussed some of the nomenclatural issues involved. Financial support was provided by a University of Otago Research Grant and the Marsden Fund of the Royal Society of New Zealand.
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