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REVIEW

Use and understanding of organic amendments in Australian agriculture: a review

J. R. Quilty A B and S. R. Cattle B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Cotton Catchment Communities Cooperative Research Centre, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia.

B Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

C Corresponding author. Email: J.Quilty@usyd.edu.au

Soil Research 49(1) 1-26 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR10059
Submitted: 11 March 2010  Accepted: 10 August 2010   Published: 4 February 2011

Abstract

A wide range of organic amendments (OA) is currently available to Australian farmers. These products have numerous agronomic applications, including the supply of plant nutrients, control of pests and diseases, and in management of soil health. Several of these products are also used in contaminated and degraded land remediation. The most commonly identifiable groups of OA in Australia are composts, compost teas, vermicasts, humic substances, meat, blood and bone meal, fish hydrolysates, seaweed extracts, bio-inoculants, biodynamic products, and biochars. Many of these OA contain nutrients within organic molecular structures; these nutrients are usually not immediately available to plants and must first be mineralised. Mineralisation often occurs as OA are consumed by microbes, thereby stimulating soil microbial activity. The application of OA such as bio-inoculants, humic substances, and seaweed extracts can potentially stimulate crop growth and development through the actions of plant growth-promoting hormones, including cytokinins, auxins, and gibberellins. Yet despite these apparent benefits, the widespread adoption of OA in Australia has been limited, due in part to the high application rates required to produce agronomic benefits, a lack of consistency in the composition of some products, a poor public perception of their utility, and a lack of unbiased scientific research into the agricultural potential of these products.

Additional keywords: bio-inoculant, compost, fish hydrolysate, humic substance, land application of organic waste, meat blood and bone meal, organic fertiliser, seaweed extract, vermicompost.


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