Phylogeography of the ancient Parabathynellidae (Crustacea : Bathynellacea) from the Yilgarn region of Western Australia
M. T. Guzik A E , K. M. Abrams A , S. J. B. Cooper A B , W. F. Humphreys C , J.-L. Cho D and A. D. Austin AA Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
B Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
C Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, WA 6986, Australia.
D International Drinking Water Center, San 6-2, Yeonchuck-Dong, Daedok-Gu, Taejeon 306-711, Korea.
E Corresponding author. Email: michelle.guzik@adelaide.edu.au
Invertebrate Systematics 22(2) 205-216 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS07040
Submitted: 30 July 2007 Accepted: 14 February 2008 Published: 12 May 2008
Abstract
The crustacean order Bathynellacea is a primitive group of subterranean aquatic (stygobitic) invertebrates that typically inhabits freshwater interstitial spaces in alluvia. A striking diversity of species from the bathynellacean family Parabathynellidae have been found in the calcretes of the Yilgarn palaeodrainage system in Western Australia. Taxonomic studies show that most species are restricted in their distribution to a single calcrete, which is consistent with the findings of other phylogeographic studies of stygofauna. In this, the first molecular phylogenetic and phylogeographic study of interspecific relationships among parabathynellids, we aimed to explore the hypothesis that species are short-range endemics and restricted to single calcretes, and to investigate whether there were previously unidentified cryptic species. Analyses of sequence data based on a region of the mitochondrial (mt) DNA cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene showed the existence of divergent mtDNA lineages and species restricted in their distribution to a single calcrete, in support of the broader hypothesis that these calcretes are equivalent to closed island habitats comprising endemic taxa. Divergent mtDNA lineages were also observed to comprise four new and 12 recognised morphospecies. These results reflect the findings of previous studies of stygobitic arthropods (beetles, amphipods and isopods) from the Yilgarn region and reinforce the usefulness of using DNA-sequence data to investigate species boundaries and the presence of cryptic species.
Additional keywords: cryptic species, cytochrome c oxidase 1, mitochondrial DNA, phylogeny, stygofauna.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Peter Hancock for the psammaspid specimen. We also thank R. Leijs, C. Clay, S. Eberhard, H. Hahn, T. Karanovic, S. Hinze, T. Moulds, J. Waldock and C. Watts for help with collection of specimens, and K. Saint and J. Waldock for technical support. This manuscript was greatly improved by the suggestions of three anonymous reviewers, the editor and N. Murphy. This research was supported by an Australian Biological Resources Study grant to MTG and WFH and the Australian Research Council and participating industry partners: Newmont Australia, Placer Dome Asia Pacific, South Australian Museum and Western Australian Museum for a Linkage Grant (LP0348753).
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