Molecular phylogeny of the freshwater prawn genus Macrobrachium (Decapoda, Palaemonidae), with emphasis on the relationships among selected American species
Leonardo G. Pileggi A and Fernando L. Mantelatto A BA Laboratory of Bioecology and Crustacean Systematics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.
B Corresponding author. Email: flmantel@usp.br
Invertebrate Systematics 24(2) 194-208 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS09043
Submitted: 20 October 2009 Accepted: 28 April 2010 Published: 29 June 2010
Abstract
The genus Macrobrachium Bate, 1868 is one of the best examples of widespread crustacean genera distributed globally throughout tropical and subtropical waters. Previous investigators have noted the systematic complexity of the group, and have suggested rearrangements within the family Palaemonidae. Our phylogenetic analysis of new mitochondrial DNA sequences of 58 species of Macrobrachium distributed mainly in America support the hypothesis of monophyly of this genus, if Cryphiops Dana, 1852 is accepted as a generic synonym. We concluded that the independent evolution of different types of life cycle (abbreviated larval development – ALD and extended larval development – ELD) must have occurred more than once in the history of the group. Similarly, we also concluded that the current type species of the genus, Macrobrachium americanum Bate, 1868, should not be considered valid, as previously proposed. The synonymy of two members of the ‘olfersi’ species complex (M. birai Lobão, Melo & Fernandes, 1986 and M. holthuisi Genofre & Lobão, 1978) with M. olfersi (Wiegmann, 1836) was confirmed. Similar results were found in comparing M. petronioi Melo, Lobão & Fernandes, 1986 and M. potiuna (Müller, 1880), in which the genetic divergence placed M. petronioi within the level of intraspecific variation of M. potiuna. The taxonomic status of the genus Cryphiops, as well as theories on the origin of Macrobrachium, is also called into question.
Additional keywords: Americas, Crustacea, Cryphiops, species identity, 16S rDNA, COI.
Acknowledgements
This study formed part of the doctoral thesis of LGP, and was supported by a fellowships from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo – FAPESP (05/50651–1) and ongoing Post-Doctoral fellowship CAPES (02630/09–5). Additional support for this project was provided by FAPESP (Grant no. 02/08178–9; 08/06183–1) and CNPq (Research Grant 472746/04–9 and 473050/2007–2; Research Scholarships PQ 301261/04–0) to FLM. We are deeply grateful to many colleagues and friends (Célio Magalhães, Charles Coleman, Charles Fransen, Christopher Tudge, Christoph Schubart, Cristiana Serejo, Darryl Felder, Emerson Mossolin, Georgina B. Buckup, Hertz dos Santos, Ingo Werthmann, Jelly Nakagaki, Juan Bolaños, Lígia M. Amadio, Luis Pardo, Maria C. Ostrovski, Marcos Tavares, Miranda Lowe, Peter Dworschak, Rogério Costa, Tina Tirelli and Wagner Valenti) for help in collecting, making available some essential fresh specimens, and lending materials from collections used in our analysis, and for critical discussion during the preparation of this manuscript. The support and assistance of the Postgraduate Program in Comparative Biology of FFCLRP/USP during fieldwork are gratefully acknowledged. We thank anonymous reviewers for suggestions and contributions towards the improvement of this paper. Finally, we are honoured to dedicate this research to the memory of Lipke B. Holthuis (Leiden Museum, The Netherlands), in recognition and appreciation of his lifelong dedication and contributions to crustacean studies, especially the Palaemonidae. The collections of species conducted in this study complied with current applicable state and federal laws of Brazil (DIFAP/IBAMA, 126/05). Dr Janet Reid (JWR Associates, U.S.A.) revised the English text.
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