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Vertebrate reproductive science and technology
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Factors affecting embryo production in superovulated Bos taurus cattle

M. Mikkola A B D , J. F. Hasler C and J. Taponen B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Geno SA, Store Ree AI Station, Ekebergveien 54, 2335 Stange, Norway.

B University of Helsinki, Department of Production Animal Medicine, FIN-04920 Saarentaus, Finland.

C Vetoquinol USA, 4250 N Sylvania Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76137, USA.

D Corresponding author. Email: marja.mikkola@geno.no

Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32(2) 104-124 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD19279
Published: 2 December 2019

Abstract

Despite a long history of bovine superovulation research, significant commercial applications did not start until the early 1970s. For some 20 years thereafter, superovulation represented the primary tool for the production of cattle embryos. In the early 1990s, commercial in vitro production (IVP) was initiated in cattle. Although ovum pick-up and IVP are now commercially practiced on a wide scale, superovulation and embryo recovery by flushing remain a widespread and very effective approach to the production of cattle embryos. This review covers both the history and the effects of multiple factors on superovulation in Bos taurus cattle. There are three general protocols for suitable pre-FSH programming of donors so that gonadotrophin-responsive follicles are available. Superovulation protocols vary widely based on the FSH source, the diluent used, the number and timing of FSH injections and the timing and utilisation of various prostaglandins, controlled internal progesterone releasing devices, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, and other means of controlling follicular development and ovulation. The number of oocytes that can be stimulated to grow and ovulate within any given donor can be estimated by either ultrasound-guided sonography or by measuring concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone in the blood. Animal-related factors that can influence the efficacy of superovulation include cattle breed, age, parity, genetics, lactational status and reproductive history. In addition, nutrition, stress, season, climate, weather and several semen factors are discussed.

Additional keywords: cattle breeding, embryo collection, heifer, insemination, multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET).


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