Soil aggregation and soil fraction associated carbon under different vegetation types in a complex landscape
Xiaoqing Li
A B E , Iris Vogeler C D and Luitgard Schwendenmann A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Environment, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
B Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining, Qinghai, China.
C Plant & Food Research, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
D Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
E Corresponding author. Email: xli679@aucklanduni.ac.nz
Soil Research 57(3) 215-227 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR18193
Submitted: 9 July 2018 Accepted: 01 February 2019 Published: 7 March 2019
Abstract
Land cover change has been shown to affect soil characteristics and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. However, little is known about the driving factors associated with soil carbon (C) stabilisation in complex landscapes. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of both inherent soil characteristics and recent vegetation cover change on soil aggregation and soil fraction associated C in a complex landscape. The specific objectives were: (1) determine bulk soil properties and SOC saturation deficit; (2) quantify soil aggregation, soil size-density fractions, and soil fraction associated C; and (3) identify the factors that influence soil fractions and soil fraction associated C in two adjacent catchments differing in vegetation cover, Central Otago, New Zealand. Catchment GH1 (n = 17 plots) was dominated by tussock grassland and native shrubs. Catchment GH2 (n = 21 plots) was converted from tussock grassland into a pine forest in 1981. The catchments differed in soil texture (e.g. sand content GH1: 62.9%, GH2: 50.7%, P = 0.007), soil SOC stocks (GH1: 5.0 kg C m−2, GH2: 4.3 kg C m−2, P = 0.04), mean weight diameter (MWD) (GH1: 782.3 µm, GH2: 736.5 µm, P = 0.002), and proportion of the macroaggregate heavy fraction (macro_HF) (GH1: 72%, GH2: 55%, P = 0.01). No significant differences were found in SOC saturation deficit (GH1: 14.8 mg g−1, GH2: 13.1 mg g−1, P = 0.13). Dominant vegetation cover explained 21% of the variation in MWD in GH1, whereas silt+clay C content explained 31.6% of the MWD variation in GH2. The macro_HF fraction was negatively correlated with the proportion of silt+clay. Our findings illustrate that physical and chemical soil characteristics are important drivers in such a complex landscape and may have masked the effect of recent vegetation change on soil aggregation, and soil fraction associated C.
Additional keywords: land cover change, New Zealand, pine forest, shrub encroachment, size-density fractionation, soil aggregation, soil organic carbon saturation.
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