Register      Login
Australian Journal of Chemistry Australian Journal of Chemistry Society
An international journal for chemical science
Shopping Cart: ( empty )
You are here: Home > Journals > CH > CH19448
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 73(8)

Diatomic Rovibronic Transitions as Potential Probes for Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio Across Cosmological Time

Anna-Maree Syme A , Adam Mousley B , Maria Cunningham C and Laura K. McKemmish A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

B Department of Physics, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BZ, UK.

C School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

D Corresponding author. Email: l.mckemmish@unsw.edu.au

Australian Journal of Chemistry 73(8) 743-756 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH19448
Submitted: 13 September 2019  Accepted: 14 October 2019   Published: 20 December 2019

Abstract

Astrophysical molecular spectroscopy is an important method of searching for new physics through probing the variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio, μ, with existing constraints limiting variation to a fractional change of less than 10−17per year. To improve on this constraint and therefore provide better guidance to theories of new physics, new molecular probes will be useful. These probes must have spectral transitions that are observable astrophysically and have different sensitivities to variation in the proton-to-electron mass ratio. Here, we concisely detail how the set of potential molecular probes and promising sensitive transitions is constrained based on how the frequency and intensity of these transitions align with available telescopes. Our detailed investigation focuses on rovibronic transitions in astrophysical diatomic molecules, using the spectroscopic models of 11 diatomics to identify sensitive transitions and probe how they generally arise in real complex molecules with many electronic states and fine structure. While none of the 11 diatomics investigated have sensitive transitions likely to be astrophysically observable, we have found that at high temperatures (1000 K) five of these diatomics have a significant number of low intensity sensitive transitions arising from an accidental near-degeneracy between vibrational levels in the ground and excited electronic states. This insight enables screening of all astrophysical diatomics as potential probes of proton-to-electron mass variation, with CN, CP, SiN and SiC being the most promising candidates for further investigation for sensitivity in rovibronic transitions.


References

[1]  M. Alcubierre, Introduction to 3+1 Numerical Relativity 2008 (Oxford University Press: Oxford).

[2]  S. Raby, Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories: Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol. 939 2017 (Springer International Publishing: Cham).

[3]  M. T. Murphy, V. V. Flambaum, S. Muller, C. Henkel, Science 2008, 320, 1611.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18566280PubMed |

[4]  J. P. Uzan, Living Rev. Relativ. 2011, 14, 2.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28179829PubMed |

[5]  M. S. Safronova, D. Budker, D. DeMille, D. F. J. Kimball, A. Derevianko, C. W. Clark, Rev. Mod. Phys. 2018, 90, 025008.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[6]  J. P. Uzan, C. R. Phys. 2015, 16, 576.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[7]  P. Jansen, H. L. Bethlem, W. Ubachs, J. Chem. Phys. 2014, 140, 010901.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24410211PubMed |

[8]  W. Ubachs, J. Bagdonaite, E. J. Salumbides, M. T. Murphy, L. Kaper, Rev. Mod. Phys. 2016, 88, 021003.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[9]  R. I. Thompson, in From Varying Couplings to Fundamental Physics (Ed. C. Martins, P. Molaro) 2011, pp 77–87 (Springer: Berlin).

[10]  C. Martins, Rep. Prog. Phys. 2017, 80, 126902.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28805650PubMed |

[11]  J. K. Webb, V. V. Flambaum, C. W. Churchill, M. J. Drinkwater, J. D. Barrow, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1999, 82, 884.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[12]  P. Jansen, L. Xu, I. Kleiner, W. Ubachs, H. L. Bethlem, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2011, 106, 100801.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21469780PubMed |

[13]  A. Shelkovnikov, R. J. Butcher, C. Chardonnet, A. Amy-Klein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100, 150801.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18518091PubMed |

[14]  J. Kobayashi, A. Ogino, S. Inouye, Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 3771.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 31434889PubMed |

[15]  R. I. Thompson, Astrophys. Lett. 1975, 16, 3.

[16]  K. Beloy, A. Borschevsky, V. V. Flambaum, P. Schwerdtfeger, Phys. Rev. A 2011, 84, 1.

[17]  M. G. Kozlov, S. A. Levshakov, Ann. Phys. 2013, 525, 452.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[18]  S. A. Levshakov, M. G. Kozlov, D. Reimers, Astrophys. J. 2011, 738, 26.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[19]  M. G. Kozlov, Phys. Rev. A 2013, 87, 1.

[20]  M. G. Kozlov, Phys. Rev. A 2009, 80, 1.

[21]  V. V. Ilyushin, P. Jansen, M. G. Kozlov, S. A. Levshakov, I. Kleiner, W. Ubachs, H. L. Bethlem, Phys. Rev. A 2012, 85, 032505.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[22]  A. Owens, S. N. Yurchenko, O. L. Polyansky, R. I. Ovsyannikov, W. Thiel, V. Špirko, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2015, 454, 2292.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[23]  A. Owens, S. N. Yurchenko, V. Špirko, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2018, 473, 4986.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[24]  N. Kanekar, G. I. Langston, J. T. Stocke, C. L. Carilli, K. M. Menten, Astrophys. J. 2012, 746, L16.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[25]  J. Bagdonaite, W. Ubachs, M. T. Murphy, J. B. Whit-more, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2015, 114, 071301.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25763949PubMed |

[26]  M. Wendt, P. Molaro, Astron. Astrophys. 2011, 526, A96.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[27]  M. Wendt, P. Molaro, Astron. Astrophys. 2012, 541, A69.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[28]  J. A. King, J. K. Webb, M. T. Murphy, R. F. Carswell, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101, 1.

[29]  M. Wendt, D. Reimers, Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 2008, 163, 197.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[30]  M. Daprà, J. Bagdonaite, M. T. Murphy, W. Ubachs, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2015, 454, 489.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[31]  D. Albornoz Vásquez, H. Rahmani, P. Noterdaeme, P. Petitjean, R. Srianand, C. Ledoux, Astron. Astrophys. 2014, 562, A88.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[32]  R. I. Thompson, J. Bechtold, J. H. Black, D. Eisen-stein, X. Fan, R. C. Kennicutt, C. Martins, J. X. Prochaska, Y. L. Shirley, Astrophys. J. 2009, 703, 1648.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[33]  W. Ubachs, R. Buning, K. S. E. Eikema, E. Reinhold, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 2007, 241, 155.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[34]  J. Bagdonaite, M. T. Murphy, L. Kaper, W. Ubachs, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2012, 421, 419.

[35]  H. Rahmani, M. Wendt, R. Srianand, P. Noterdaeme, P. Petitjean, P. Molaro, J. B. Whitmore, M. T. Murphy, M. Centurion, H. Fathivavsari, S. D’Odorico, T. M. Evans, S. A. Levshakov, S. Lopez, C. J. A. P. Martins, D. Reimers, G. Vladilo, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2013, 435, 861.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[36]  J. A. King, M. T. Murphy, W. Ubachs, J. K. Webb, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2011, 417, 3010.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[37]  M. Daprà, M. van der Laan, M. T. Murphy, W. Ubachs, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2017, 465, 4057.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[38]  A. L. Malec, R. Buning, M. T. Murphy, N. Milutinovic, S. L. Ellison, J. X. Prochaska, L. Kaper, J. Tumlinson, R. F. Carswell, W. Ubachs, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2010, 403, 1541.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[39]  F. van Weerdenburg, M. T. Murphy, A. L. Malec, L. Kaper, W. Ubachs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2011, 106, 180802.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21635080PubMed |

[40]  M. Daprà, M. L. Niu, E. J. Salumbides, M. T. Murphy, W. Ubachs, Astrophys. J. 2016, 826, 192.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[41]  M. Daprà, P. Noterdaeme, M. Vonk, M. T. Murphy, W. Ubachs, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2017, 467, 3848.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[42]  C. Henkel, K. M. Menten, M. T. Murphy, N. Jethava, V. V. Flambaum, J. A. Braatz, S. Muller, J. Ott, R. Q. Mao, Astron. Astrophys. 2009, 500, 725.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[43]  S. Muller, A. Beelen, M. Guélin, S. Aalto, J. H. Black, F. Combes, S. J. Curran, P. Theule, S. N. Long-more, Astron. Astrophys. 2011, 535, A103.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[44]  N. Kanekar, Astrophys. J. 2011, 728, L12.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[45]  N. Kanekar, W. Ubachs, K. M. Menten, J. Bagdonaite, A. Brunthaler, C. Henkel, S. Muller, H. L. Bethlem, M. Daprà, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. Lett. 2015, 448, L104.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[46]  J. Bagdonaite, P. Jansen, C. Henkel, H. L. Bethlem, K. M. Menten, W. Ubachs, Science 2013, 339, 46.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23239626PubMed |

[47]  V. V. Meshkov, A. V. Stolyarov, A. V. Ivanchik, D. A. Varshalovich, JETP Lett. 2006, 83, 303.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[48]  A. V. Ivanchik, P. Petitjean, D. A. Varshalovich, B. Aracil, R. Srianand, H. Chand, C. Ledoux, P. Boissé, Astron. Astrophys. 2005, 440, 45.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[49]  W. Ubachs, J. C. J. Koelemeij, K. S. E. Eikema, E. J. Salumbides, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 2016, 320, 1.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[50]  J. Bagdonaite, M. Daprà, P. Jansen, H. L. Bethlem, W. Ubachs, S. Muller, C. Henkel, K. M. Menten, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 111, 231101.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24476248PubMed |

[51]  A. L. Malec, R. Buning, M. T. Murphy, N. Milutinovic, S. L. Ellison, J. X. Prochaska, L. Kaper, J. Tumlinson, R. F. Carswell, W. Ubachs, Mem. S. A. It. 2009, 80, 882.

[52]  T. Chiba, Prog. Theor. Phys. 2011, 126, 993.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[53]  W. Ubachs, Space Sci. Rev. 2018, 214, 3.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[54]  E. J. Salumbides, M. L. Niu, J. Bagdonaite, N. deOliveira, D. Joyeux, L. Nahon, W. Ubachs, Phys. Rev. A 2012, 86, 022510.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[55]  P. Jansen, I. Kleiner, L. Xu, W. Ubachs, H. L. Bethlem, Phys. Rev. A 2011, 84, 062505.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[56]  T. I. Ivanov, M. Roudjane, M. O. Vieitez, C. A. deLange, W.-Ü. L. Tchang-Brillet, W. Ubachs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100, 1.

[57]  A. J. de Nijs, W. Ubachs, H. L. Bethlem, Phys. Rev. A 2012, 86, 032501.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[58]  K. Beloy, M. G. Kozlov, A. Borschevsky, A. W. Hauser, V. V. Flambaum, P. Schwerdtfeger, Phys. Rev. A 2011, 83, 062514.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[59]  V. V. Flambaum, M. G. Kozlov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98, 1.

[60]  A. Owens, S. N. Yurchenko, W. Thiel, V. Špirko, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2015, 450, 3191.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[61]  J. Veldhoven, J. Küpper, H. L. Bethlem, B. Sartakov, A. J. A. Roij, G. Meijer, Eur. Phys. J. D 2004, 31, 337.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[62]  A. Owens, S. N. Yurchenko, W. Thiel, V. Špirko, Phys. Rev. A 2016, 93, 052506.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[63]  M. G. Kozlov, A. V. Lapinov, S. A. Levshakov, J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 2010, 43, 074003.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[64]  M. G. Kozlov, S. A. Levshakov, Astrophys. J. 2011, 726, 65.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[65]  M. G. Kozlov, S. G. Porsev, D. Reimers, Phys. Rev. A 2011, 83, 052123.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[66]  M. G. Kozlov, Phys. Rev. A 2011, 84, 042120.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[67]  P. Jansen, L. Xu, I. Kleiner, H. L. Bethlem, W. Ubachs, Phys. Rev. A 2013, 87, 052509.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[68]  V. V. Ilyushin, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 2014, 300, 86.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[69]  A. V. Viatkina, M. G. Kozlov, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 2014, 300, 94.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[70]  B. A. McGuire, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 2018, 239, 17.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[71]  K. P. Huber, G. Herzberg, Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure: IV Constants of Diatomic Molecules 1979 (Van Nostrand Reinhold Company: New York, NY).

[72]  L. Lodi, S. N. Yurchenko, J. Tennyson, Mol. Phys. 2015, 113, 1998.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[73]  L. K. McKemmish, S. N. Yurchenko, J. Tennyson, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2016, 463, 771.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[74]  E. D. Tenenbaum, L. M. Ziurys, Astrophys. J. 2010, 712, L93.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[75]  M. Gerin, D. A. Neufeld, J. R. Goicoechea, Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 2016, 54, 181.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[76]  D. McElroy, C. Walsh, A. J. Markwick, M. A. Cordiner, K. Smith, T. J. Millar, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 2013, 550, 1.

[77]  A. G. G. M. Tielens, Rev. Mod. Phys. 2013, 85, 1021.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[78]  S. Muller, K. Kawaguchi, J. H. Black, T. Amano, Astron. Astrophys. 2016, 589, L5.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[79]  M. Agúndez, J. Cernicharo, M. Guélin, C. Kahane, E. Roueff, J. Kłos, F. J. Aoiz, F. Lique, N. Marcelino, J. R. Goicoechea, M. González García, C. A. Gottlieb, M. C. Mccarthy, P. Thaddeus, Astron. Astrophys. 2010, 517, L2.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[80]  C. Ceccarelli, E. Caux, M. Wolfire, A. Rudolph, B. Nisini, P. Saraceno, G. J. White, Astron. Astrophys. 1998, 331, 17.

[81]  S. N. Milam, D. T. Halfen, E. D. Tenenbaum, A. J. Apponi, N. J. Woolf, L. M. Ziurys, Astrophys. J. 2008, 684, 618.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[82]  R. S. Furuya, C. M. Walmsley, K. Nakanishi, P. Schilke, R. Bachiller, Astron. Astrophys. 2003, 409, L21.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[83]  A. G. G. M. Tielens, Rev. Mod. Phys. 2013, 85, 1021.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[84]  L. V. Prieto, C. Sánchez Contreras, J. Cernicharo, M. Agúndez, G. Quintana-Lacaci, V. Bujarrabal, J. Alcolea, C. Balança, F. Herpin, K. M. Menten, F. Wyrowski, Astron. Astrophys. 2017, 597, A25.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[85]  J. Cernicharo, S. Bailleux, E. Alekseev, A. Fuente, E. Roueff, M. Gerin, B. Tercero, S. P. Treviño-Morales, N. Marcelino, R. Bachiller, B. Lefloch, Astrophys. J. 2014, 795, 40.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[86]  S. Martín, R. Mauersberger, J. Martín-Pintado, S. García-Burillo, C. Henkel, Astron. Astrophys. 2003, 411, L465.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[87]  J. Cernicharo, B. Lefloch, M. Agúndez, S. Bailleux, L. Margulès, E. Roueff, R. Bachiller, N. Marcelino, B. Tercero, C. Vastel, E. Caux, Astrophys. J. 2018, 853, L22.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[88]  P. Schilke, S. Leurini, K. M. Menten, J. Alcolea, Astron. Astrophys. 2003, 412, L15.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[89]  J. Tennyson, S. N. Yurchenko, A. F. Al-Refaie, E. J. Barton, K. L. Chubb, P. A. Coles, S. Diamantopoulou, M. N. Gorman, C. Hill, A. Z. Lam, L. Lodi, L. K. McKemmish, Y. Na, A. Owens, O. L. Polyansky, T. Rivlin, C. Sousa-Silva, D. S. Underwood, A. Yachmenev, E. Zak, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 2016, 327, 73.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[90]  S. N. Yurchenko, W. Bond, M. N. Gorman, L. Lodi, L. K. McKemmish, W. Nunn, R. Shah, J. Tennyson, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2018, 478, 270.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[91]  A. Wong, S. N. Yurchenko, P. Bernath, H. S. P. Müller, S. McConkey, J. Tennyson, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2017, 470, 882.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[92]  L. Prajapat, P. Jagoda, L. Lodi, M. N. Gorman, S. N. Yurchenko, J. Tennyson, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2017, 472, 3648.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[93]  A. T. Patrascu, S. N. Yurchenko, J. Tennyson, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2015, 449, 3613.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[94]  S. N. Yurchenko, F. Sinden, L. Lodi, C. Hill, M. N. Gorman, J. Tennyson, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2018, 473, 5324.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[95]  S. N. Yurchenko, I. Szabó, E. Pyatenko, J. Tennyson, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2018, 480, 3397.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[96]  L. K. McKemmish, T. Masseron, H. J. Hoeijmakers, V. Pérez-Mesa, S. L. Grimm, S. N. Yurchenko, J. Tennyson, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2019, 488, 2836.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[97]  T. Dent, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 2007, 2007, 013.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[98]  S. N. Yurchenko, L. Lodi, J. Tennyson, A. V. Stolyarov, Comput. Phys. Commun. 2016, 202, 262.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[99]  J. Tennyson, S. N. Yurchenko, Int. J. Quantum Chem. 2017, 117, 92.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[100]  J. S. A. Brooke, R. S. Ram, C. M. Western, G. Li, D. W. Schwenke, P. F. Bernath, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 2014, 210, 23.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[101]  R. S. Ram, J. S. Brooke, C. M. Western, P. F. Bernath, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 2014, 138, 107.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[102]  S. Truppe, R. J. Hendricks, S. K. Tokunaga, H. J. Lewandowski, M. G. Kozlov, C. Henkel, E. A. Hinds, M. R. Tarbutt, Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 2600.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24129439PubMed |

[103]  J. Tennyson, M. A. Kostin, P. Barletta, G. J. Harris, O. L. Polyansky, J. Ramanlal, N. F. Zobov, Comput. Phys. Commun. 2004, 163, 85.

[104]  S. N. Yurchenko, W. Thiel, P. Jensen, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 2007, 245, 126.

[105]  L. F. Pašteka, A. Borschevsky, V. V. Flambaum, P. Schwerdtfeger, Phys. Rev. A 2015, 92, 012103.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |