Novel matrine tricyclic derivatives have been designed and synthesised by a molecular fusion strategy. The most active compound ZM842 indicated potent inhibitory TGF-β transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner by downregulating collagen I and α-SMA protein. (Image credit: Yongchuang Wang.)

Green synthesis is garnering global interest among researchers due to its distinctive characteristics and ecological advantages. Researchers are developing innovative ionic liquids (ILs) and enhancing their characteristics for application in green chemistry and synthesis, including environmentally friendly solvents and catalysts. They have been extensively used as green catalysts and solvent systems for the synthesis of many important heterocycles because of their distinctive features. (Image credit: Shubham Sharma.)