Application of oxidised activated red mud to treat phosphorus-contaminated water
Nguyen Đinh Trung A B , Ning Ping C and Ho Kim Dan
D E *
A
B
C
D
E
Abstract
Red mud originating from Vietnam is used in the treatment of phosphorus-contaminated water. Suitability of a pseudo first order (PFO) model to describe the kinetics of phosphorus adsorption on O-RM was confirmed, with the adsorption process reaching an equilibrium after 20 min. Findings of this study will contribute to the industrial application of low-cost materials in wastewater treatment.
Oxidised activated red mud (O-RM) materials have a high adsorption capacity for phosphorus, are easy to synthesise, are low-cost, have a short adsorption time and are readily applicable in practice.
Morphological and compositional analysis of O-RM materials was performed by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Surface area and porosity was examined by Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Phosphorus content was measured by a colourimetric method based on the ISO 6878:2004 standard.
This study investigated the activation process of red mud using an oxidation method at a temperature of 373.15 K (100°C). The O-RM has a large surface area with preserved key components such as FeO(OH), Fe2O3, AlO(OH), and Al(OH)3. As a result, O-RM became an efficient adsorbent for phosphorus with high adsorption capacity (218.15 mg g−1) and short adsorption time (20 min). O-RM is inexpensive, easy to synthesise, stable, reusable and environmentally friendly material which makes it a highly promising option for treating phosphorus-contaminated wastewater.
The morphology and chemical composition of O-RM including FeO(OH), Fe2O3, AlO(OH) and Al(OH)3 was confirmed. Factors affecting the phosphorus adsorption process onto the O-RM, such as pH, contact time, adsorption thermodynamics, stability, reusability of the material and the influence of other ions, were also studied and validated.
Keywords: easily applied treatment, environmental, kinetics, low cost, phosphorus adsorption, red mud, thermodynamics, wastewater treatment.
References
Akay G, Keskinler B, Cakici A, Danis U (1998) Phosphate removal from water by red mud using crossflow microfiltration. Water Research 32, 717-726.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Al-Ghouti MA, Da’ana DA (2020) Guidelines for the use and interpretation of adsorption isotherm models: a review. Journal of Hazardous Materials 393, 122383.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Al-Tohamy R, Ali SS, Li FH, Okasha KM, Mahmoud YAG, Elsamahy T, Jiao HX, Fu YY, Sun JZ (2022) A critical review on the treatment of dye-containing wastewater: ecotoxicological and health concerns of textile dyes and possible remediation approaches for environmental safety. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 231, 113160.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Antunes MLP, Couperthwaite SJ, Fabiano TC, Carolina PCJ, Kiyohara PK, Coelho ACV, Frost RL (2012) Red mud from Brazil: thermal behavior and physical properties. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 51(2), 775-779.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Bacelo H, Pintor AMA, Santos SCR, Boaventura RAR, Botelho CMS (2020) Performance and prospects of different adsorbents for phosphorus uptake and recovery from water. Chemical Engineering Journal 381, 122566.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Blackall LL, Crocetti G, Saunders AM, Bond PL (2002) A review and update of the microbiology of enhanced biological phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment plants. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 81, 681-691.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Bragg WH, Bragg WL (1913) The reflection of X-rays by crystals. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London – A. Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 88(605), 428-438.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Brooks BW, Lazorchak JM, Howard MD, Johnson MVV, Morton SL, Perkins DA, Steevens JA (2016) Are harmful algal blooms becoming the greatest inland water quality threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems? Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 35(1), 6-13.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Chvedov D, Ostap S, Le T (2001) Surface properties of red mud particles from potentiometric titration. Colloids and Surfaces – A. Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 182(1–3), 131-141.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Dan HK, Zhou DC, Wang RF, Xue Y, Qing J, Yang ZW, Song ZG, Qiu JB (2014) Energy transfer and upconversion emission of Er3+/Tb3+/Yb3+ co-doped transparent glass-ceramics containing Ba2LaF7 nanocrystals under heat treatment. Optical Materials 36(3), 639-644.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Dan HK, Zhou DC, Wang RF, Qing J, Yang ZW, Song ZG, Xue Y, Qiu JB (2015) Effect of Mn2+ ions on the enhancement upconversion emission and energy transfer of Mn2+/Tb3+/Yb3+ tri-doped transparent glass–ceramics. Materials Letter 150, 76-80.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Du X, Han Q, Li J, Li H (2017) The behavior of phosphate adsorption and its reactions on the surfaces of Fe–Mn oxide adsorbent. Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 76, 167-175.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
El-Rahman KMA, El-Kamash AM, El-Sourougy MR, Abdel-Moniem NM (2006) Thermodynamic modeling for the removal of Cs+, Sr2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions from aqueous waste solutions using zeolite A. Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 268(2), 221-230.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Emeniru DC, John N, Ikirigo J (2017) Perspective view on sorption thermodynamics: basic dye uptake on southern Nigerian clay. European Scientific 13(18), 355-372.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Encina ER, Distaso M, Klupp Taylor RN, Peukert W (2015) Synthesis of goethite α-FeOOH particles by air oxidation of ferrous hydroxide Fe(OH)2 suspensions: Insight on the formation mechanism. Crystal Growth & Design 15(1), 194-203.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Fayssal SA, El Sebaaly Z, Alsanad MA, Najjar R, Böhme M, Yordanova MH, Sassine YN (2021) Combined effect of olive pruning residues and spent coffee grounds on Pleurotus ostreatus production, composition, and nutritional value. PLoS ONE 16(9), 0255794.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Gelegenis J, Georgakakis D, Angelidaki I, Mavris V (2007) Optimization of biogas production by co-digesting whey with diluted poultry manure. Renewable Energy 32(13), 2147-2160.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Genç-Fuhrman H, Tjell JC, McConchie D (2004) Adsorption of arsenic from water using activated neutralized red mud. Environmental Science & Technology 38(8), 2428-2434.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Gouveia DS, Bressiani AHA, Bressiani JC (2006) Phosphoric acid rate addition effect in the hydroxyapatite synthesis by neutralization method. Materials Science Forum 530–531, 593-598.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Han C, Lalley J, Iyanna N, Nadagoude MN (2017) Removal of phosphate using calcium and magnesium-modified iron-based adsorbents. Chemistry and Physics 198, 115-124.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Ho YS, McKay G (1998) Sorption of dye from aqueous solution by peat. Chemical Engineering 70, 115-124.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Huang W, Wang S, Zhu Z, et al. (2008) Phosphate removal from wastewater using red mud. Hazardous Materials 158(1), 35-42.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Kai J, Zhou Z, Shiv VS, Wang C (2024) A review of the engineered treatment of red mud: construction materials, metal recovery, and soilization revegetation. Results in Engineering 24, 102927.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Khairul MA, Zanganeh J, Moghtaderi B (2019) The composition, recycling and utilisation of Bayer red mud. Resources. Conservation and Recycling 141, 483-498.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Kiss AB, Keresztury G, Farkas L (1980) Raman and I.R. spectra and structure of boehmite (γ-AlOOH). Evidence for the recently discarded D172h space group. Spectrochimica Acta – A. Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 36(7), 653-658.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Kloprogge JT (2017) Chapter 12 – Infrared and Raman spectroscopies of pillared clays. In ‘Developments in Clay Science’. (Eds WP Gates, JT Kloprogge, J Madejová, F Bergaya) pp. 411–446. (Elsevier) doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-100355-8.00012-6
Kumar P, Eid EM, Al-Huqail AA, Širić I, Adelodun B, Fayssal SA, Valadez-Blanco R, Goala M, Ajibade FO, Choi KS, Kumar V (2022) Kinetic studies on delignification and heavy metals uptake by shiitake (Lentinula edodes) mushroom cultivated on agro-industrial wastes. Horticulturae 8, 316.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Lagergren S (1907) Zur theorie der sogenannten adsorption gelӧster stoffe. Zeitschr für Chem und Ind der Kolloide 2(15), 1-39 [In German].
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Li X, Ji M, Nghiem LD, Zhao Y, Liu D, Yang Y, Wang Q, Trinh QT, Vo DVN, Pham VQ, Tran NH (2020) A novel red mud adsorbent for phosphorus and diclofenac removal from wastewater. Journal of Molecular Liquids 303, 112286.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Li XG, Elgarhy AH, Hassan ME, Chen Y, Liu G, ElKorashey R (2020) Removal of inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds from aqueous solution by ferrihydrite decoration onto graphene. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 192, 410.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Li Y, Liu C, Luan Z, Peng X, Zhu C, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Fan J, Jia Z (2006) Phosphate removal from aqueous solutions using raw and activated red mud and fly ash. Journal of Hazardous Materials 137(1), 374-383.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Liu C, Li Y, Luan Z, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Jia Z (2007) Adsorption removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by active red mud. Journal of Environmental Sciences 19(10), 1166-1170.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Lin JY, Kim M, Li D, Kim H, Huang CP (2020) The removal of phosphate by thermally treated red mud from water: the effect of surface chemistry on phosphate immobilization. Chemosphere 247, 125867.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Luan Y, Qiu C, Li Y, Kang W, Zhang J, Liao Z, Bi X (2021) A highly packed biofilm reactor with cycle cleaning for the efficient treatment of rural wastewater. Water 13, 369.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Mojahedimotlagh F, Nasab EA, Foroutan R, Vakilabadi DR, Dobaradaran S, Azamateslamtalab E, Ramavandi B (2024) Azithromycin decomposition from simple and complex waters by H2O2 activation over a recyclable catalyst of clay modified with nanofiltration process brine. Environmental Technology & Innovation 33, 103512.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Mondal NK, Samanta A, Dutta S, Chattoraj S (2017) Optimization of Cr(VI) biosorption onto Aspergillus niger using 3-level Box–Behnken design: equilibrium, kinetic, thermodynamic and regeneration studies. Journal, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology 15, 151-160.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Moussout H, Ahlafi H, Aazza M, Maghat H (2018) Critical of linear and nonlinear equations of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Modern Science 4(2), 244-254.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Nateq K, Amarzadeh M, Zadeh MS, Rostami M, Danaee I, Schwaminger SP, Reza Khosravi-Nikou M, Mirzapoor A, Goli G (2024) Construction of engineered heterojunction based on CdS and MgO material co-integrated into a flat plane-like graphene for tetracycline decontamination: ecological hazard assessment and toxicity alleviation. Water Process Engineering 68, 106361.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Odiyo JO, Chimuka L, Mamali MA, Fatoki OS (2012) Trophic status of Vondo and Albasini Dams; impacts on aquatic ecosystems and drinking water. Environmental Science and Technology 9, 203-218.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Oguz E (2004) Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution with blast furnace slag. Journal of Hazardous Materials 114, 131-137.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Parfitt RL (1989) Phosphate reactions with natural allophane, ferrihydrite and goethite. European Journal of Soil Science 40(2), 359-369.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Pradhan J, Das SN, Thakur RS (1999) Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by using activated red mud. Colloid and Interface Science 217, 137-141.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Prajapati SS, Najar PAM, Tangde VM (2016) Removal of phosphate using red mud: an environmentally hazardous waste by-product of alumina industry. Advances in Physical Chemistry 2016, 9075206.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Prazeres AR, Carvalho F, Rivas J (2012) Cheese whey management: a review. Journal of Environmental Management 110, 48-68.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Saberzadeh Sarvestani F, Esmaeili H, Ramavandi B (2016) Modification of Sargassum angustifolium by molybdate during a facile cultivation for high-rate phosphate removal from wastewater: structural characterization and adsorptive behavior. 3 Biotech 6(2), 251.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Singh S, Aswath MU, Biswas RD, Ranganath RV, Choudhary HK, Kumar R, Sahoo B (2019) Role of iron in the enhanced reactivity of pulverized red mud: analysis by Mössbauer spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. Case Studies in Construction Materials 11, e00266.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Solomon OA (2023) Eutrophication: causes, consequences, physical, chemical and biological techniques for mitigation strategies. Environmental Challenges 12, 100733.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Tandekar S, Korde S, Jugade RM (2021) Red mud–chitosan microspheres for removal of coexistent anions of environmental significance from water bodies. Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications 2, 100128-100137.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Trung ND, Ping N, Dan HK (2022a) Application of mesopore-activated red mud for phosphorus adsorption. Adsorption Science & Technology 2022, 12.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Trung ND, Ping N, Dan HK (2022b) Synthesis, characterization, and the effectiveness of cobalt hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles in Cs+ adsorbent application. Environmental Nanotechnology 7(4), 893-905.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Uhm YR, Kim WW, Rhee CK (2004) A study of synthesis and phase transition of nanofibrous Fe2O3 derived from hydrolysis of Fe nanopowders. Scripta Materialia 50(5), 561-564.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Wang Y, Zhang T, Lyu G, Guo F, Zhang W, Zhang Y (2018) Recovery of alkali and alumina from bauxite residue (red mud) and complete reuse of the treated residue. Journal of Cleaner Production 188, 456-465.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Wang YL, Li LJ, Liu ZC, Ren ZW (2023) Frontier research and prospect of phosphate adsorption in wastewater by red mud: a review. Desalination and Water Treatment 310, 86-108.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (2011) Chapter NR 217. Effluent standards and limitations for phosphorus. In ‘Wisconsin Administrative Code’. pp. 149–156. (US Environmental Protection Agency) Available at https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2014-12/documents/wiwqs-nr217.pdf
Yannick C, André L (2006) The transformation of ferrihydrite into goethite or hematite, revisited. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 179(3), 716-722.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Yin Y, Xu G, Xu Y, Guo M, Xiao Y, Ma T, Liu C (2022) Adsorption of inorganic and organic phosphorus onto polypyrrole modified red mud: evidence from batch and column experiments. Chemosphere 286, 131862.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Yue Q, Zhao Y, Li Q, Li W, Gao B, Han S, Qi Y, Yu H (2010) Research on the characteristics of red mud granular adsorbents (RMGA) for phosphate removal. Journal of Hazardous Materials 176(1–3), 741-748.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Zhao Y, Yue Q, Li Q, Xu X, Yang Z, Wang X, Gao B, Yu H (2012) Characterization of red mud granular adsorbent (RMGA) and its performance on phosphate removal from aqueous solution. Chemical Engineering Journal 193, 161-168.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Zhou XY, Zhou X (2014) The unit problem in the thermodynamic calculation of adsorption using the Langmuir equation. Chemical Engineering Communications 201, 1459-1467.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
