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A journal dedicated to conservation and wildlife management in the Pacific region.
RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Alien fish ascendancy and native fish extinction: ecological history and observations on the Lower Goodradigbee River, Australia

Simon Kaminskas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-4014 A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Murray–Darling Basin Authority, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

* Correspondence to: simon.kaminskas@mdba.gov.au

Handling Editor: Alan Lymbery

Pacific Conservation Biology 29(1) 38-73 https://doi.org/10.1071/PC21048
Submitted: 19 July 2021  Accepted: 20 December 2021   Published: 22 February 2022

© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Context: The Murray–Darling Basin – Australia’s largest river system – is heavily dominated by alien fish. Native fish species have suffered numerous localised extinctions and ∼47% are listed on federal and/or state threatened species lists.

Aims: This paper explores the hypothesis that alien fish and alien fish stockings can be the primary cause of decline and localised extinction of large-bodied native fish species, as opposed to habitat degradation and river regulation. The Lower Goodradigbee River, which is unregulated, in excellent instream health over the great majority of its course, and replete with high quality habitat, is utilised as a case study.

Methods: I investigated the hypothesis by synthesising historical records with contemporary scientific research and recent field observations. The role of alien fish species, particularly alien trout species (Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo trutta) and constant stockings of them, were closely examined.

Results: Data support the hypothesis that domination by alien trout species and their continual stocking have lead to historical declines and localised extinctions of large-bodied native fish species. Continued alien trout stockings, along with more recent invasions of alien carp (Cyprinus carpio) and alien redfin perch (Perca fluviatilis), are inhibiting native fish recovery. A suspected field sighting of the alien fish pathogen atypical Aeromonas salmonicida is reported, and the status of the declining native crayfish Murray cray (Euastacus armatus), and potential alien fish impacts upon them, are examined.

Conclusions: The impacts of alien fish and alien fish stocking in Australia require major re-evaluation and dedicated research.

Implications: It is strongly recommended that stocking of alien trout into the Lower Goodradigbee River for angling cease in order to conserve surviving native fish and Murray cray populations. Conservation stockings to effect a Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii) recovery in the Lower Goodradigbee River are warranted.

Keywords: alien species, atypical Aeromonas salmonicida, Bidyanus bidyanus, Cyprinus carpio, ecological history, ecosystem change, Euastacus armatus, extinction, fish stocking, freshwater ecosystems, Gadopsis bispinosus, habitat degradation, invasive species, Maccullochella peelii, Macquaria australasica, native fish, native fish decline, Oncorhynchus mykiss, river regulation, Salmo trutta, threatened species.


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