This study investigates the effects of low temperatures on fatty acid metabolism in diploid and tetraploid annual ryegrass. Through qRT-PCR analyses, it shows significant changes in fatty acid profiles and the expression of key genes (ACACAα, MACPT, DESAT5), highlighting genotype-specific responses. The findings provide insights into cold adaptation mechanisms and offer potential targets for breeding climate-resilient forage crops.

Inappropriate crop rotation, reduced use of manures, and overuse of chemical fertilisers are important reasons for depletion of soil organic carbon (SOC). For soil health to be sustained, the restoration of SOC balance through adaptive soil–crop management techniques is required. This study provides information on how the modified rice–mustard–jute agrosystem contributes most to improving SOC within the cropping system at both the crop rotation and intercropping scales and to what extent an integrated soil–crop management practice improves SOC in climate variability scenarios.

Researchers suggest that the conditions inherent to the implementation stage of a soybean crop can influence ~50–60% of its production potential. Plant arrangement is one of the management strategies that is defined at this stage. Plants distributed more equidistantly find a production environment favourable to their growth, avoiding unnecessary energy expenditure owing to intraspecific competition, which will reflect in greater grain productivity.