Volatile organic compounds sources in Paris in spring 2007. Part II: source apportionment using positive matrix factorisation
Cécile Gaimoz A , Stéphane Sauvage B C , Valérie Gros A F , Frank Herrmann D , Jonathan Williams D , Nadine Locoge B C , Olivier Perrussel E , Bernard Bonsang A , Odile d’Argouges A , Roland Sarda-Estève A and Jean Sciare A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), Unité Mixte CEA-CNRS-UVSQ (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines), F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
B Université de Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France.
C Ecole des Mines Douai, Département Chimie Environnement, F-59508 Douai, France.
D Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Air Chemistry Department, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
E Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (AIRPARIF), F-75004 Paris, France.
F Corresponding author. Email: valerie.gros@lsce.ipsl.fr
Environmental Chemistry 8(1) 91-103 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN10067
Submitted: 24 June 2010 Accepted: 26 November 2010 Published: 28 February 2011
Environmental context. Volatile organic compounds are key compounds in atmospheric chemistry as precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosols. To determine their impact at a megacity scale, a first important step is to characterise their sources. We present an estimate of volatile organic compound sources in Paris based on a combination of measurements and model results. The data suggest that the current emission inventory strongly overestimates the volatile organic compounds emitted from solvent industries, and thus needs to be corrected.
Abstract. A positive matrix factorisation model has been used for the determination of volatile organic compound (VOC) source contributions in Paris during an intensive campaign (May–June 2007). The major sources were traffic-related emissions (vehicle exhaust, 22% of the total mixing ratio of the measured VOCs, and fuel evaporation, 17%), with the remaining emissions from remote industrial sources (35%), natural gas and background (13%), local sources (7%), biogenic and fuel evaporation (5%) and wood-burning (2%). It was noted that the remote industrial contribution was highly dependent on the air-mass origin. During the period of oceanic influences (when only local and regional pollution was observed), this source made a relatively low contribution (<15%), whereas the source contribution linked to traffic was high (54%). During the period of continental influences (when additional continental pollution was observed), remote industrial sources played a dominant role, contributing up to 50% of measured VOCs. Finally, the positive matrix factorisation results obtained during the oceanic air mass-influenced period were compared with the local emission inventory. This comparison suggests that the VOC emission from solvent industries might be overestimated in the inventory, consistent with findings in other European cities.
Additional keywords: emission inventory, Ile de France, PMF, urban area, VOC.
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