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RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Biology and conservation of the unique and diverse halophilic macroinvertebrates of Australian salt lakes

Angus D’Arcy Lawrie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6766-1191 A C , Jennifer Chaplin A and Adrian Pinder B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Murdoch University, Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Email: j.chaplin@murdoch.edu.au

B Western Australia Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia. Email: adrian.pinder@dbca.wa.gov.au

C Corresponding author. Email: anguslawrie@live.com

Marine and Freshwater Research 72(11) 1553-1576 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF21088
Submitted: 22 March 2021  Accepted: 4 June 2021   Published: 2 July 2021

Journal Compilation © CSIRO 2021 Open Access CC BY

Abstract

This study synthesises information on the biology of the unique and diverse halophilic macroinvertebrates of Australian salt lakes, focusing on gastropods and crustaceans. This information is needed to evaluate and manage the threats posed to these invertebrates by increased periods of drought and secondary salinisation. Most of these species are endemic to Australian salt lakes, and some have adapted to extreme conditions (e.g. salinities >100 g L–1 and pH <5). This study identifies key general findings regarding the taxonomy, ecology and life histories of these invertebrates, such as that many ‘new’ species have been uncovered in the past 20 years, with more likely to come. The study also identifies critical knowledge gaps, such as the need to elucidate the abiotic and biological drivers of the field distributions of species, including why some species are widespread and common whereas other congeneric species are rare or have narrow distributions. Those species that are either restricted to low salinity environments or survive dry periods as aestivating adults (as opposed to desiccation-resistant eggs) are probably the most vulnerable to increasing salinisation and drought. Future work should prioritise the development of a sound taxonomy for all groups, because this is needed to underpin all other biological research.

Keywords: Coxiella, crustaceans, halobionts, halophiles.


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Williams, W. D., and Mellor, M. W. (1991). Ecology of Coxiella (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Prosobranchia), a snail endemic to Australian salt lakes. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 84, 339–355.
Ecology of Coxiella (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Prosobranchia), a snail endemic to Australian salt lakes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Williams, W. D., and Sherwood, J. E. (1994). Definition and measurement of salinity in salt lakes. International Journal of Salt Lake Research 3, 53–63.
Definition and measurement of salinity in salt lakes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Williams, W. D., Boulton, A., and Taaffe, R. (1990). Salinity as a determinant of salt lake fauna: a question of scale. Hydrobiologia 197, 257–266.
Salinity as a determinant of salt lake fauna: a question of scale.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Williams, W. D., Carrick, T. R., Bayly, I. A., Green, J., and Herbst, D. B. (1995). Invertebrates in salt lakes of the Bolivian Altiplano. International Journal of Salt Lake Research 4, 65–77.
Invertebrates in salt lakes of the Bolivian Altiplano.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Williams, W. D., De Deckker, P., and Shiel, R. J. (1998). The limnology of Lake Torrens, an episodic salt lake of central Australia, with particular reference to unique events in 1989. Hydrobiologia 384, 101–110.
The limnology of Lake Torrens, an episodic salt lake of central Australia, with particular reference to unique events in 1989.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |