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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 30(1)

Native flora receive more visits than exotics from bees, especially native bees, in an urbanised biodiversity hotspot

Kit S. Prendergast https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1164-6099 A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Curtin University, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.

* Correspondence to: Kitprendergast21@gmail.com

Handling Editor: Mike Calver

Pacific Conservation Biology 30, PC22033 https://doi.org/10.1071/PC22033
Submitted: 31 August 2022  Accepted: 8 May 2023  Published: 6 June 2023

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing

Abstract

Context

Identifying floral resources preferred by bee assemblages is important for their conservation.

Aims

Here, I assess the association of flowering plant community composition, with that of honey bees and native bee abundance and diversity. I investigate flower preferences in terms of plant origin (native or exotic), and evaluate niche breadth, of introduced honey bees and native bee taxa. I also consider if habitat influences these patterns.

Methods

This was evaluated through recording flower visitation by honey bees and native bees in the urbanised region of the south-west Western Australian Floristic Region in seven bushland remnants and seven residential gardens over 2 years.

Key results

Both native bees and honey bees visited more native than exotic flora, however native bees visited a higher proportion of native flora than honey bees. The 10-most visited plants by native bees were exclusively native, whereas for honey bees, although their 10-most visited plants were predominantly native plant species, this selection also included exotic plant species. Niche breadth was broader in bushland remnants, indicating a greater range of preferred flora in bushland remnants. Honey bees however visited more plant families in residential gardens. With increased honey bee abundance, this was associated with native bees expanding their niche breadth, which may be a response to reduce competition. Flower preference patterns and niche breadth often differed between habitats, indicating that foraging patterns may be mediated by habitat context.

Conclusion

Native flora are preferred by bees, and native bees have relatively restricted flower preferences, especially compared with honey bees.

Implications

High proportions of preferred native flora are needed to support diverse native bee assemblages in urban areas.

Keywords: conservation, honey bees, Hymenoptera, native bees, niche breadth, pollinators, urbanisation, wild bees, wildflowers.

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