Register      Login
Animal Production Science Animal Production Science Society
Food, fibre and pharmaceuticals from animals
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Ewe movement and ewe-lamb contact levels in shelter are greater at higher stocking rates

J. C. Broster A B C , D. P. Rathbone A , S. M. Robertson A B , B. J. King A B and M. A. Friend A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.

B Co-operative Research Centre for Future Farm Industries, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.

C Corresponding author. Email: jbroster@csu.edu.au

Animal Production Science 52(7) 502-506 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN11264
Submitted: 31 October 2011  Accepted: 19 March 2011   Published: 29 May 2012

Abstract

This experiment used contact loggers and GPS collars to evaluate the effect of stocking rate during lambing on ewe movement and contact levels between animals. Twin-bearing Merino ewes were placed in 0.5-ha paddocks sheltered with rows of hessian at stocking rates of 16 and 30 ewes/ha for the low and high stocking rates, respectively. The ewes did not spend more time in more sheltered areas of the paddock, and use of shelter was not influenced by stocking rate. Ewes at the high stocking rate travelled 11% farther per day but crossed through the hessian rows 37% less than ewes at the low stocking rate. Stocking rate did not change the level of contact between ewes, but higher levels of contact were shown between ewes and their lambs at the high stocking rate. The results suggest that the interaction between ewes and their lambs is modified by stocking rate and/or flock size for small groups lambing in shelter rows.


References

Alexander G (1960) Maternal behaviour in the Merino ewe. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 3, 105–114.

Alexander G, Lynch JJ, Mottershead BE (1979) Use of shelter and selection of lambing sites by shorn and unshorn ewes in paddocks with closely or widely spaced shelters. Applied Animal Ethology 5, 51–69.
Use of shelter and selection of lambing sites by shorn and unshorn ewes in paddocks with closely or widely spaced shelters.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Alexander G, Stevens D, Mottershead B (1983) Problems in the accurate recording of lambing data. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 23, 361–368.
Problems in the accurate recording of lambing data.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Arnold GW, Maller RA (1985) An analysis of factors influencing spatial distribution in flocks of grazing sheep. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 14, 173–189.
An analysis of factors influencing spatial distribution in flocks of grazing sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Arnold GW, Morgan PD (1975) Behaviour of the ewe and lamb at lambing and its relationship to lamb mortality. Applied Animal Ethology 2, 25–46.
Behaviour of the ewe and lamb at lambing and its relationship to lamb mortality.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Bird PR, Lynch JJ, Obst J (1984) Effect of shelter on plant and animal production. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 15, 270–273.

Broster JC, Swain DL, King BJ, Friend MA (2012) Data from reciprocal pairs of proximity loggers on Merino ewes. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production, in press.

Cloete SWP, Scholtz AJ, Ten Hoope JM (1998) A note on separation from one or more lamb(s) in Merino lines divergently selected for ewe multiple rearing ability. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 58, 189–195.
A note on separation from one or more lamb(s) in Merino lines divergently selected for ewe multiple rearing ability.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Ganskopp DC, Bohnert DW (2009) Landscape nutritional patterns and cattle distribution in rangeland pastures. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 116, 110–119.
Landscape nutritional patterns and cattle distribution in rangeland pastures.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Genstat (2008) ‘Genstat release 11.1.’ (Lawes Agricultural Trust, Rothamsted Experimental Station: Hemel Hempstead, UK)

Handcock RN, Swain DL, Bishop-Hurley GJ, Patison KP, Wark T, Valencia P, Corke P, O’Neill CJ (2009) Monitoring animal behaviour and environmental interactions using Wireless Sensor Networks, GPS Collars and Satellite Remote Sensing. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 9, 3586–3603.
Monitoring animal behaviour and environmental interactions using Wireless Sensor Networks, GPS Collars and Satellite Remote Sensing.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Heady HF (1964) Palatability of herbage and animal preference. Journal of Range Management 17, 76–82.
Palatability of herbage and animal preference.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hobbs NT, Bowden DC (1982) Confidence intervals on food preference indices. The Journal of Wildlife Management 46, 505–507.
Confidence intervals on food preference indices.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Jefferies BC (1961) Body condition scoring and its use in management. Tasmanian Journal of Agriculture 32, 19–21.

Kleemann DO, Grosser TI, Walker SK (2006) Fertility in South Australian commercial Merino flocks: aspects of management. Theriogenology 65, 1649–1665.
Fertility in South Australian commercial Merino flocks: aspects of management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Lindsay DR, Nowak R, Putu IG, McNeill D (1990) Behavioural interactions between the ewe and her young at parturition: a vital step for the lamb. In ‘Reproductive physiology of Merino sheep – concepts and consequences’. (Eds CM Oldham, GB Martin, IW Purvis) pp. 191–205. (School of Agriculture – Animal Science, The University of Western Australia: Perth)

McEachern S, Sackett D (2008) ‘Economic analysis of management options to improve reproductive performance in Merino ewes.’ (Holmes, Sackett & Associates Pty Ltd: Wagga Wagga)

Nowak R (1996) Neonatal survival: contributions from behavioural studies in sheep. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 49, 61–72.
Neonatal survival: contributions from behavioural studies in sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Nowak R, Porter RH, Levy F, Orgeur P, Schaal B (2000) Role of mother-young interactions in the survival of offspring in domestic mammals. Reviews of Reproduction 5, 153–163.
Role of mother-young interactions in the survival of offspring in domestic mammals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnt1altb4%3D&md5=01c434e9aeab36463d8a1c1cd59b3c9dCAS |

Penning PD, Parsons AJ, Newman JA, Orr RJ, Harvey A (1993) The effects of group size on grazing time in sheep. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 37, 101–109.
The effects of group size on grazing time in sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Robertson SM, Friend MA, Broster JC, King BJ (2011) Survival of twin lambs is increased with shrub belts. Animal Production Science 51, 925–938.
Survival of twin lambs is increased with shrub belts.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Robertson SM, King BJ, Broster JC, Friend MA (2012) The survival of lambs in shelter declines at high stocking intensities. Animal Production Science 52, 497–501.
The survival of lambs in shelter declines at high stocking intensities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Stevens D, Alexander G, Lynch JJ (1982) Lamb mortality due to inadequate care of twins by Merino ewes. Applied Animal Ethology 8, 243–252.
Lamb mortality due to inadequate care of twins by Merino ewes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Swain DL, Bishop-Hurley GJ (2007) Using contact logging devices to explore animal affiliations: quantifying cow-calf interactions. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 102, 1–11.
Using contact logging devices to explore animal affiliations: quantifying cow-calf interactions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Watson RH, Alexander G, Cumming IA, McDonald JW, McLaughlin JW, Rizzoli D, Williams D (1968) Reduction of perinatal loss of lambs in winter in western Victoria by lambing in sheltered individual pens. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 7, 243–249.

Winfield CG (1970) The effect of stocking intensity at lambing on lamb survival and ewe and lamb behaviour. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 8, 291–296.