Effect of pre- and post-weaning supplementation on performance, nutritional, and metabolic characteristics in Nellore heifers under grazing
Camila de Paula
A * , Luciana Navajas Rennó A , Matheus Fellipe de Lana Ferreira A , Ághata Elins Moreira da Silva B , Samira Silveira Moreira A , Gutierrez José de Freitas Assis A , Edenio Detmann C , Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho A , Mário Fonseca Paulino A and Giancarlo Magalhães dos Santos D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Departament of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570900, Brazil.
B Department of Agriculture, Veterinary, and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada - Reno, Reno, NV 89557, Brazil.
C Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden.
D Veterinary and Agriculture Education Center, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570242, Brazil.
Animal Production Science 62(17) 1706-1719 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN22025
Submitted: 28 January 2022 Accepted: 8 June 2022 Published: 15 July 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: Supplementation during the pre- and post-weaning periods is essential to improve the development of beef heifers in tropical pastures. Especially during the dry period, performance of heifers is limited due to low forage yield and poor nutritional value.
Aim: Evaluate the effect of supplementation during pre- and post-weaning periods on performance, nutritional, and metabolic characteristics in Nellore heifers under grazing.
Methods: Fifty-four Nellore heifers were randomly divided between the following four supplementation plans, with two replicates: NN, not supplemented in the pre- and post-weaning dry period; NS, not supplemented in the pre-weaning period and supplemented in the post-weaning dry period; SN, supplemented in the pre-weaning period and not supplemented in the post-weaning dry period; and SS, supplemented in the pre- and post-weaning dry periods; with 14, 13, 13 and 14 calves in each treatment respectively. In the post-weaning dry-to-rainy transition period, all heifers were supplemented.
Key results: Supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the intake of dry matter and crude protein on Day 56 (pre-weaning phase) and Day 168 (post-weaning dry period). Heifers supplemented during the pre-weaning phase had a higher final body weight (fBW) and average daily gain (ADG) on Day 112 (P < 0.05). Heifers NS and SS had higher fBW and ADG on Day 224 (P < 0.05). On Day 280, fBW were higher (P < 0.05) for heifers NS and SS. Insulin-like growth factor 1 was higher for heifers supplemented in the pre-weaning period on Day 112, and higher for NS and SS heifers on Day 224 (P < 0.05). Albumin concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) for heifers NS and SS on Day 280. Supplementation had no effect on either corpus luteum presence or concentration of progesterone (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: Supplementation during either pre- or post-weaning phases improved multiple performance, nutritional, and metabolic characteristics. The results due to supplementation post-weaning were independent of supplementation pre-weaning. However, supplementation did not result in an improved response to the puberty induction protocol used in this experiment.
Implications: For replacement heifers, it is important to maintain high weight gains at all stages of growth.
Keywords: beef heifers, Bos indicus, breeding season, creep-feeding, growth rate, IGF-1, physiological changes, puberty induction protocol.
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