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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 47(5)

The role of plant-parasitic nematodes in reducing yield of sugarcane in fine-textured soils in Queensland, Australia

B. L. Blair A B C and G. R. Stirling A D E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Sugar Yield Decline Joint Venture.

B Queensland Department of Primary Industries, South Johnstone Research Station, PO Box 20, South Johnstone, Qld 4859, Australia.

C School of Biomedical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.

D Biological Crop Protection, 3601 Moggill Rd, Moggill, Qld 4070, Australia.

E Corresponding author. Email: graham.stirling@biolcrop.com.au

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47(5) 620-634 https://doi.org/10.1071/EA05287
Submitted: 1 November 2005  Accepted: 19 September 2006   Published: 13 April 2007

Abstract

Damage to sugarcane caused by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is well documented in infertile coarse-textured soils, but crop losses have never been assessed in the fine-textured soils on which more than 95% of Australia’s sugarcane is grown. The impact of nematodes in these more fertile soils was assessed by repeatedly applying nematicides (aldicarb and fenamiphos) to plant and ratoon crops in 16 fields, and measuring their effects on nematode populations, sugarcane growth and yield. In untreated plant crops, mid-season population densities of lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae), root-knot nematode (M. javanica), stunt nematode (Tylenchorhynchus annulatus), spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus dihystera) and stubby-root nematode (Paratrichodorus minor) averaged 1065, 214, 535, 217 and 103 nematodes/200 mL soil, respectively. Lower mean nematode population densities were recorded in the first ratoon, particularly for root-knot nematode. Nematicides reduced populations of lesion nematode by 66–99% in both plant and ratoon crops, but control of root-knot nematode was inconsistent, particularly in ratoons. Nematicide treatment had a greater impact on shoot and stalk length than on shoot and stalk number. The entire community of pest nematodes appeared to be contributing to lost productivity, but stalk length and final yield responses correlated most consistently with the number of lesion nematodes controlled. Fine roots in nematicide-treated plots were healthier and more numerous than in untreated plots, and this was indicative of the reduced impact of lesion nematode. Yield responses averaged 15.3% in plant crops and 11.6% in ratoons, indicating that nematodes are subtle but significant pests of sugarcane in fine-textured soils. On the basis of these results, plant-parasitic nematodes are conservatively estimated to cost the Australian sugar industry about AU$82 million/annum.


Acknowledgements

This study was a component of the Sugar Yield Decline Joint Venture. Funding was provided by the Sugar Research and Development Corporation, Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (QDPIF) and BSES Limited. James Cook University also provided support, as this study was part of Dr Blair’s PhD studies. Alan Garside and Mike Bell provided helpful comments on agronomic aspects of the work, Bob Mayer (QDPIF) helped with statistical analyses, BSES extension staff located suitable field sites in south and central Queensland, and Peter Whittle, Julie Pattemore and Daniel Roberts provided assistance at various times. The cooperation of the sugarcane growers who provided sites for our experiments is also gratefully acknowledged.


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