A phylogenetic analysis of Stenostomum and its neotropical congeners, with a description of a new species from the Peruvian Amazon Basin
Cristina Damborenea A B D , Francisco Brusa A B , Io Almagro C and Carolina Noreña C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A División Zoología Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA, La Plata, Argentina.
B Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET).
C Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, España.
D Corresponding author. Email: cdambor@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar
Invertebrate Systematics 25(2) 155-169 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS10026
Submitted: 13 September 2010 Accepted: 26 July 2011 Published: 30 September 2011
Abstract
This study reports Peruvian freshwater species of Stenostomum (Catenulida) from the upper Yurúa River of the Amazon Basin. A total of 11 species were found. One of them, Stenostomum ashanika, sp. nov., is described. It can be distinguished by: a pre-pharyngeal constriction; a small cauda; a small, rounded, mobile and ventrally directed pharynx; and a tri-radiate mouth. The remaining 10 species are reviewed and illustrated; eight are first records for Peru. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of neotropical stenostomid species based on morphological data is undertaken, including all Rhynchoscolex, Stenostomum and Myostenostomum species described for the area. The Rhynchoscolex species are basal and paraphyletic; the species of Myostenostomum are monophyletic, within the Stenostomum clade, supported by the presence of a muscular gizzard in the anterior region of the intestine. Ciliated pits and rhabdoids are synapomorphies of the Stenostomum + Myostenostomum clade. This is the first morphological study of the relationships between stenostomid species. The most relevant characters in the phylogenetic analysis are those related to cerebral brain lobes. The results also show that many of the morphological characteristics of the species under study are poorly known and should be studied in more depth.
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