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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 57(3)

The evolution of Queensland spiny mountain crayfish of the genus Euastacus. II. Investigating simultaneous vicariance with intraspecific genetic data

Mark Ponniah A B and Jane M. Hughes A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Co-operative Research Centre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management, Australian School of Environmental Studies, Griffith University, Nathan Qld 4111, Australia.

B Corresponding author. Email: m.ponniah@griffith.edu.au

Marine and Freshwater Research 57(3) 349-362 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF05172
Submitted: 8 September 2005  Accepted: 11 January 2006   Published: 27 April 2006

Abstract

Phylogenetic evidence suggested that the Queensland Euastacus diversified through ‘simultaneous vicariance’, where the range of a widespread ancestral Euastacus receded to tops of mountains with the Pliocene warming of the continent and subsequent isolation lead to speciation. Implicit in the simultaneous vicariance hypothesis are three postulates on ancestral history: (1) warm temperatures were effective barriers to ancestral gene flow; (2) the ancestral Euastacus had an extensive contiguous distribution; and (3) there was a single vicariant event associated with Pliocene warming. It is argued that if there was interspecific diversification due to simultaneous vicariance then, within extant species, there are three predictions on current population structure. First, lowland areas, even those connected by streams, would be barriers to contemporary dispersal. Second, there would be contemporary dispersal between catchments covered by mesic rainforests. Third, there would have been recent Pleistocene intraspecific vicariant events. The population structure of E. robertsi, E. fleckeri, E. hystricosus and E. sulcatus was investigated with mtDNA and allozymes and it was found that the intraspecific data were consistent with these predictions. Furthermore, the Euastacus underwent limited range expansions during the cooler Pleistocene glacial cycles, and it is hypothesised that during cooler glacial periods, lowlands were still effective barriers to dispersal because of increased Pleistocene aridity.

Extra keywords: dispersal, freshwater crayfish, gene flow, population structure.


Acknowledgments

The following helped catch crayfish: C. Marshall, L. Roberts, S. Schmidt, M. De Zilva, A. De Zilva, W. Beebe, N. Campbell, S. and K. Chenoweth, D. Hurwood, H. Hines and D. Kümpers. Samples of E. sulcatus from Cunninghams Gap were provided by H. Hines. The Queensland National Parks and Wildlife Service provided permits to collect crayfish. D. Schmidt, K. Durrant, H. Schull, T. Page and R. Butterworth made many insightful suggestions on the draft manuscript, as did two anonymous reviewers; and D. Schmidt and A. Hammond found many useful references. This research was supported in part by the Co-operative Research Centre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management who provided a scholarship to MP and provided funding towards laboratory and field expenses. We are very grateful for all these contributions.


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