Ceratophyllum is a cosmopolitan genus of perennial, freshwater herbs. The suitable outgroup of Ceratophyllum remain unknown, but a small number of viable alternatives is available. Sorting out these alternatives analytically, operating with the DNA data, we found that distinctive northern American C. echinatum is a sister to all remaining taxa of the genus. We transferred C. echinatum to a new genus Fassettia.

The Victorian Christmas bush (Prostanthera lasianthos) is currently regarded as a variable, geographically widespread species of eastern Australia. The independent characteristics of nucleotide sequences, volatile oils and traditional morphology were used to resolve the taxonomy of this species. Although no dataset had primacy in defining segregate taxa, a combination of molecular and morphological data resulted in the recognition of five new segregate species, suggesting that an integrative taxonomic approach is an important methodology.

Morphological traits are a useful and conventional means of identifying and classifying biological diversity, although the manner in which they are interpreted may not correspond with a correct interpretation of evolutionary relationships. Floral morphology is currently used to identify the generic boundaries among Physopsis, Newcastelia and Lachnostachys; however, results from an analysis of molecular data has introduced some doubt that they may not be separate lineages. By including all species from each genus, our recent analyses showed that the current taxonomy is incorrect, and, as a result, we describe the new genus Apatelantha.

Three new species of Pycnandra (Sapotaceae), the largest endemic genus in New Caledonia, are described and placed in their respective subgenus. Described are Pycnandra perplexa, P. kopetoensis and P. margueriteae, the latter two micro-endemic species, each one known from only a single locality and Critically Endangered because of habitat destruction such as mining operations and deliberate fires.