In rotation system with annual crops, maize and black oat showed greater response to annual manure application, in addition to mineral fertilisation, with maximum yield for a dose of 150 m³ ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Although it was applied to the soil surface, the manure provided chemical improvements in deep layers. The increase in yield with manure application was attributed to improved soil acidity attributes and the effect on nutrient availability.

Fertiliser use contributes to climate change, but is essential to agriculture. We evaluated an alternative nitrogen (N) fertiliser to make paddy rice more sustainable. N fertiliser applied at time of rice sowing had no effect on N₂O emissions, but increased CH₄ emissions except when controlled-released N fertiliser was applied. Rice yields were not affected by N sources.

The demand for food increases every year, so increasing crop yields is an important issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in soil chemical properties and response of crop yields to different application methods of lime and phosphate fertiliser. The results show that with the correction of soil acidity and the availability of phosphorus in depth was possible to increase soybean productivity by more than 40%. Studies like these are important for better productivity worldwide.

Organic matter is an important soil component, and the organic debris aboveground is the main organic matter source in forest soils. However, how debris decomposition rates influence transfers by leaching of organic matter into the soil is not fully understood, and our results indicate that there is no linear relationship between higher or lower decomposition rates and greater or lesser transfers by water. We found a comparatively intermediate decomposition releasing more organic matter into the soil.

Injection of pig slurry in conservationist management systems, such as no-tillage, can increase soil organic matter. Use of injected application of pig slurry to soil results in lower carbon and nitrogen losses by volatilisation and emissions to the atmosphere than surface applications of pig slurry. Application of pig slurry to soils under a crop rotation with maize, oat, and wheat under no-tillage, using injection of pig slurry in soil, promotes higher increases in contents of soil organic matter.

The management of humid tropical soils utilising organic residues and lime is critical for food security in the Caribbean. Our investigations uncovered the positive effects of lime additions on water movement through soils as well as its short-term negative effects on stability and soil water repellency at different soil moisture levels. This research highlights the importance of understanding the combinational effects of amending humid tropical soils with lime and organic residues of different qualities.

Rotational farming is common in Australian broad acre farming regions and can induce changes in soil properties that effects microbial nitrifying populations. This study investigated the effects of soil properties on the efficacy of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and found that inhibition was more effective in neutral soils, with decreasing efficacy as soil acidity increased. Application of nitrogen fertilisers in conjunction with moisture onto dry soils enhanced nitrification rates.