Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildland–urban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area
Brad R. Murray A * , Thomas Hawthorne A , Timothy J. Curran B , Daniel W. Krix A , Molly I. Wallace A , Kieran Young A , Megan L. Murray A , Elisabeth Morley A , Nicola Huber-Smith A and Jonathan K. Webb A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
B Department of Pest-Management and Conservation, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln, Canterbury 7647, New Zealand.
* Correspondence to: brad.murray@uts.edu.au
International Journal of Wildland Fire 32(7) 1119-1134 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF22192
Submitted: 2 September 2022 Accepted: 3 April 2023 Published: 26 April 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of IAWF. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
Background: Mitigation of wildfires at the wildland–urban interface (WUI) will be enhanced by understanding the flammability of plants growing in this zone.
Aims: We aimed to: (1) compare shoot flammability among wildland native, and both urban native and urban exotic ornamental plants; (2) quantify relationships between shoot traits and flammability; and (3) establish flammability scores to distinguish low- from high-flammability species.
Methods: Flammability and traits of field-collected shoots were measured and relationships quantified in 44 species from the Blue Mountains World Heritage Area, Australia.
Key results: In our study area, urban exotic plants were less flammable than wildland and urban native plants. Slow-igniting shoots had high fuel moisture and bulk density; short-burning shoots had low bulk density and volume; shoots recording low maximum temperatures had high fuel moisture, low bulk density and volume; and shoots with low biomass consumed in flames had high fuel moisture and low volume. Our novel flammability scores distinguished low-flammability (e.g. Lophostemon confertus) from high-flammability native species (e.g. Callistemon citrinus).
Conclusions and implications: Low-flammability plantings at the WUI should preferably use native species given potential ecological impacts of exotics. We suggest that future work should seek to identify broader suites of low-flammability native species.
Keywords: combustibility, consumability, fuel, ignitibility, sustainability, trait, wildfire, wildland–urban interface.
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